BMP-Smad4 signaling is required for precartilaginous mesenchymal condensation independent of Sox9 in the mouse.

BMP-Smad4 signaling is required for precartilaginous mesenchymal condensation independent of Sox9 in the mouse.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.01.022
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发表时间:
2015-04-01
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Long, Fanxin
Long, Fanxin
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lim, Joohyun;Tu, Xiaolin;Choi, Kyunghee;Akiyama, Haruhiko;Mishina, Yuji;Long, Fanxin

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骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)调控脊椎动物骨骼发育的多个方面。尽管外源性应用BMPs可以诱导新生软骨形成,但生理性BMP信号在软骨前间充质凝聚中的作用和机制尚不清楚。通过删除肢芽间充质中的I型BMP受体或转录因子Smad4,我们发现BMP-Smad信号的缺失会由于间充质凝聚失败而导致骨骼发育的丧失。在没有Smad4的情况下,软骨形成所必需的转录因子Sox9在肢芽的近端间充质中正常启动,但在后期无法维持其水平或扩展到更远的区域。然而,强制表达Sox9并不能恢复Smad4缺陷胚胎的软骨形成。在体外的微团培养中,Smad4基因缺陷的细胞不能以细胞自主的方式凝聚,即使它们正常或更高水平表达几个细胞黏附分子。因此,BMP-Smad信号关键地控制间充质凝聚以启动骨骼发育,可能是通过Sox9不依赖的机制。
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate multiple aspects of skeletal development in vertebrates. Although exogenously applied BMPs can induce chondrogenesis de novo, the role and mechanism of physiologic BMP signaling during precartilaginous mesenchymal condensation is not well understood. By deleting the type I BMP receptors or the transcription factor Smad4 in the limb bud mesenchyme, we find that loss of BMP-Smad signaling abolishes skeletal development due to a failure in mesenchymal condensation. In the absence of Smad4, expression of Sox9, an essential transcription factor for chondrogenesis, initiates normally in the proximal mesenchyme of the limb bud, but fails to maintain its level or expand to the more distal territory at the later stages. However, forced-expression of Sox9 does not restore cartilage formation in the Smad4-deficeint embryo. In vitro micromass cultures show that the Smad4-deficient cells fail to condense in a cell-autonomous manner, even though they express several cell adhesion molecules either normally or even at a higher level. Thus, BMP-Smad signaling critically controls mesenchymal condensation to initiate skeletal development likely through a Sox9-independent mechanism.
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