Rational Inference of Beliefs and Desires From Emotional Expressions.

Rational Inference of Beliefs and Desires From Emotional Expressions.
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DOI:
10.1111/cogs.12548
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发表时间:
2018-04
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Schulz LE
Schulz LE
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wu Y;Baker CL;Tenenbaum JB;Schulz LE

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我们研究了人们从他人的情绪反应中推断其心理状态的能力,从而操纵行为者是否想要、预期并导致结果。参与者始终恢复了特工的愿望。当主体观察但没有导致结果时,参与者恢复主体信念的能力取决于他们获得的证据(即她仅对实际结果或对预期结果和实际结果的反应;实验 1 和 2)。当主体引发事件时,参与者的判断也取决于该行为的概率(实验3和4);当考虑到心理状态而采取不可能的行动时,即使人们看到她对预期结果和实际结果的反应,也无法恢复她的信念。贝叶斯模型自始至终捕捉了人类的表现(rs ≥ .95),这与人们理性地整合有关他人行为和情绪反应的信息以推断他们不可观察的心理状态的建议是一致的。
We investigated people's ability to infer others’ mental states from their emotional reactions, manipulating whether agents wanted, expected, and caused an outcome. Participants recovered agents’ desires throughout. When the agent observed, but did not cause the outcome, participants’ ability to recover the agent's beliefs depended on the evidence they got (i.e., her reaction only to the actual outcome or to both the expected and actual outcomes; Experiments 1 and 2). When the agent caused the event, participants’ judgments also depended on the probability of the action (Experiments 3 and 4); when actions were improbable given the mental states, people failed to recover the agent's beliefs even when they saw her react to both the anticipated and actual outcomes. A Bayesian model captured human performance throughout (rs ≥ .95), consistent with the proposal that people rationally integrate information about others’ actions and emotional reactions to infer their unobservable mental states.
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