Copy number variation and transcriptional polymorphisms of Phytophthora sojae RXLR effector genes Avr1a and Avr3a.
Copy number variation and transcriptional polymorphisms of Phytophthora sojae RXLR effector genes Avr1a and Avr3a.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0005066
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gijzen M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qutob D;Tedman-Jones J;Dong S;Kuflu K;Pham H;Wang Y;Dou D;Kale SD;Arredondo FD;Tyler BM;Gijzen M
片段重复和拷贝数变异作为遗传和表型变异的来源的重要性在各种生物体中越来越受到重视。现在，我们已经确定了大豆疫霉无毒基因Avr1a和Avr3a，并证明了这些Avr基因如何在不同的大豆疫霉菌株中显示拷贝数变异。Avr1a基因座是一个5.2 kb DNA片段的四个几乎相同的拷贝的串联阵列。在一些大豆疫霉菌株中，编码Avr1a的两个拷贝缺失，导致毒力变化。在其他大豆疫霉菌株中，Avr1a转录的差异导致毒力的增加。对于Avr3a，该基因有四个拷贝或一个拷贝，这取决于大豆疫霉菌株。在具有多个Avr3a拷贝的大豆疫霉菌株中，该基因发生在包括四个其他基因的10.8kb片段重复内。大豆疫霉菌株之间Avr 3a基因的转录差异导致毒力变化。为了确定包括Avr1a和Avr3a在内的分泌蛋白超家族内的重复程度，通过计数来自全基因组鸟枪法序列的踪迹文件匹配来比较来自大豆疫霉和多枝疫霉基因组的预测RXLR效应基因。结果表明，多个，几乎相同的拷贝的RXLR效应基因是普遍存在于卵菌基因组。我们建议，多个副本的特定RXLR效应可能有助于病原体健身。然而，植物免疫系统对这些效应物的识别导致选择具有缺失或转录沉默的基因拷贝的病原体菌株。
The importance of segmental duplications and copy number variants as a source of genetic and phenotypic variation is gaining greater appreciation, in a variety of organisms. Now, we have identified the Phytophthora sojae avirulence genes Avr1a and Avr3a and demonstrate how each of these Avr genes display copy number variation in different strains of P. sojae. The Avr1a locus is a tandem array of four near-identical copies of a 5.2 kb DNA segment. Two copies encoding Avr1a are deleted in some P. sojae strains, causing changes in virulence. In other P. sojae strains, differences in transcription of Avr1a result in gain of virulence. For Avr3a, there are four copies or one copy of this gene, depending on the P. sojae strain. In P. sojae strains with multiple copies of Avr3a, this gene occurs within a 10.8 kb segmental duplication that includes four other genes. Transcriptional differences of the Avr3a gene among P. sojae strains cause changes in virulence. To determine the extent of duplication within the superfamily of secreted proteins that includes Avr1a and Avr3a, predicted RXLR effector genes from the P. sojae and the P. ramorum genomes were compared by counting trace file matches from whole genome shotgun sequences. The results indicate that multiple, near-identical copies of RXLR effector genes are prevalent in oomycete genomes. We propose that multiple copies of particular RXLR effectors may contribute to pathogen fitness. However, recognition of these effectors by plant immune systems results in selection for pathogen strains with deleted or transcriptionally silenced gene copies.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0709303105
发表时间：
2008-03-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Jiang, Rays H. Y.;Tripathy, Sucheta;Tyler, Brett M.
通讯作者：
Tyler, Brett M.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Mideros, Santiago;Nita, Mizuho;Dorrance, Anne E.
通讯作者：
Dorrance, Anne E.
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Dou, Daolong;Kale, Shiv D.;Tyler, Brett M.
通讯作者：
Tyler, Brett M.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Kasuga, T;Salimath, SS;Bhattacharyya, MK
通讯作者：
Bhattacharyya, MK
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Allen, RL;Bittner-Eddy, PD;Beynon, JL
通讯作者：
Beynon, JL