Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions.
Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions.
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DOI：
10.1210/er.2018-00126
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
Bilezikian J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouillon R;Marcocci C;Carmeliet G;Bikle D;White JH;Dawson-Hughes B;Lips P;Munns CF;Lazaretti-Castro M;Giustina A;Bilezikian J
地方性佝偻病的病因是在世纪前发现的。维生素D是25-羟基维生素D和其他代谢物的前体，包括维生素D受体（VDR）的配体1，25（OH）2D。维生素D内分泌系统对骨及其生长板的作用主要是间接的，并通过其对肠钙转运和血清钙和磷酸盐稳态的作用介导。佝偻病和骨软化症可以通过每天补充400国际单位的维生素D来预防。维生素D缺乏（血清25-羟基维生素D <50 nmol/L）可加速骨转换、骨丢失和骨质疏松性骨折。这些风险可以通过800 IU的维生素D以及适当的钙摄入量来降低，给予机构或维生素D缺乏的老年受试者。VDR和维生素D代谢酶广泛表达。许多遗传、分子、细胞和动物研究强烈表明，维生素D信号传导具有许多额外的作用。这些包括调节细胞增殖、免疫和肌肉功能、皮肤分化和生殖，以及血管和代谢特性。从对人类受试者的观察性研究来看，维生素D状况差与这些额外作用预测的几乎所有疾病相关。随机对照试验和孟德尔随机化研究的结果支持维生素D补充剂减少某些疾病的发生率，但在全球范围内，结论好坏参半。这些发现表明，需要继续进行和未来的基础和临床研究，以更好地确定维生素D状态是否可以优化，以改善人类健康的许多方面。维生素D缺乏会增加骨质疏松性骨折的风险，并与许多疾病有关。我们回顾什么是建立和什么是合理的关于维生素D的健康影响。
The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1,25(OH)2D, the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The effects of the vitamin D endocrine system on bone and its growth plate are primarily indirect and mediated by its effect on intestinal calcium transport and serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Rickets and osteomalacia can be prevented by daily supplements of 400 IU of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) accelerates bone turnover, bone loss, and osteoporotic fractures. These risks can be reduced by 800 IU of vitamin D together with an appropriate calcium intake, given to institutionalized or vitamin D–deficient elderly subjects. VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are widely expressed. Numerous genetic, molecular, cellular, and animal studies strongly suggest that vitamin D signaling has many extraskeletal effects. These include regulation of cell proliferation, immune and muscle function, skin differentiation, and reproduction, as well as vascular and metabolic properties. From observational studies in human subjects, poor vitamin D status is associated with nearly all diseases predicted by these extraskeletal actions. Results of randomized controlled trials and Mendelian randomization studies are supportive of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of some diseases, but, globally, conclusions are mixed. These findings point to a need for continued ongoing and future basic and clinical studies to better define whether vitamin D status can be optimized to improve many aspects of human health. Vitamin D deficiency enhances the risk of osteoporotic fractures and is associated with many diseases. We review what is established and what is plausible regarding the health effects of vitamin D.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Avenell, Alison;MacLennan, Graeme S.;Wallace, W. Angus
通讯作者：
Wallace, W. Angus
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Beck-Nielsen, Signe Sparre;Jensen, Tina Kold;Brock-Jacobsen, Bendt
通讯作者：
Brock-Jacobsen, Bendt
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.g6330
发表时间：
2014-11-18
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Afzal S;Brøndum-Jacobsen P;Bojesen SE;Nordestgaard BG
通讯作者：
Nordestgaard BG
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.78.8.4990
发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
ABE, E;MIYAURA, C;SUDA, T
通讯作者：
SUDA, T
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bernstein, Judith;Gebel, Christina;Tinanoff, Norman
通讯作者：
Tinanoff, Norman