Insights into the mechanisms of absence seizure generation provided by EEG with functional MRI.
Insights into the mechanisms of absence seizure generation provided by EEG with functional MRI.
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DOI：
10.3389/fneur.2014.00162
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jackson GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carney PW;Jackson GD
失神发作（AS）是短暂的癫痫事件，其特征是意识丧失和微妙的运动特征。它们可能非常频繁，并影响注意力，学习和记忆。已经开发了许多病理生理学模型来解释失神发作产生的机制，这在很大程度上依赖于动物研究的观察结果。研究人类大规模大脑网络之间的结构和功能关系只有通过非侵入性全脑技术才是可行的。脑电图与功能磁共振成像（EEG-fMRI）是这样一种技术，提供了一个机会，探讨大脑结构之间的相互作用，参与AS的产生。一些功能磁共振成像技术，包括事件相关分析，时间过程分析，和功能连接（FC）已经确定了一个共同的网络结构参与AS。这个网络包括丘脑、中线和侧顶叶皮质（默认模式网络（DMN））、尾状核和脑桥的网状结构。在组研究中，显示血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号相对于静息状态增加的主要成分是丘脑，而最一致的皮质变化是DMN中BOLD信号减少。时程分析表明，而不是一些结构被激活或失活在AS期间，似乎有增加的活动在整个网络的组件之前或之后的电临床发作的癫痫发作。BOLD信号的最早变化发生在DMN中，在癫痫样事件发作之前。该区域也显示AS患者的FC改变。因此，似乎这个网络的参与是AS的核心。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨的见解，脑电功能磁共振成像研究AS的机制，并考虑如何DMN可能是主要的大规模的大脑网络中央癫痫发作的产生和癫痫发作的表现。
Absence seizures (AS) are brief epileptic events characterized by loss of awareness with subtle motor features. They may be very frequent, and impact on attention, learning, and memory. A number of pathophysiological models have been developed to explain the mechanism of absence seizure generation, which relies heavily on observations from animal studies. Studying the structural and functional relationships between large-scale brain networks in humans is only practical with non-invasive whole brain techniques. EEG with functional MRI (EEG-fMRI) is one such technique that provides an opportunity to explore the interactions between brain structures involved in AS generation. A number of fMRI techniques including event-related analysis, time-course analysis, and functional connectivity (FC) have identified a common network of structures involved in AS. This network comprises the thalamus, midline, and lateral parietal cortex [the default mode network (DMN)], caudate nuclei, and the reticular structures of the pons. The main component displaying an increase in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal relative to the resting state, in group studies, is the thalamus while the most consistent cortical change is reduced BOLD signal in the DMN. Time-course analysis shows that, rather than some structures being activated or inactivated during AS, there appears to be increase in activity across components of the network preceding or following the electro-clinical onset of the seizure. The earliest change in BOLD signal occurs in the DMN, prior to the onset of epileptiform events. This region also shows altered FC in patients with AS. Hence, it appears that engagement of this network is central to AS. In this review, we will explore the insights of EEG-fMRI studies into the mechanisms of AS and consider how the DMN is likely to be the major large-scale brain network central to both seizure generation and seizure manifestations.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Bailet, LL;Turk, WR
通讯作者：
Turk, WR
影响因子：
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作者：
Blumenfeld, H
通讯作者：
Blumenfeld, H
影响因子：
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作者：
Blumenfeld, H
通讯作者：
Blumenfeld, H
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通讯作者：
Jackson, GD
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通讯作者：
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