Genes Contributing to Domestication of Rice Seed Traits and Its Global Expansion.

Genes Contributing to Domestication of Rice Seed Traits and Its Global Expansion.
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有助于水稻种子性状驯化及其全球扩张的基因。

DOI:
10.3390/genes9100489
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发表时间:
2018-10-10
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Xing Y
Xing Y
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu H;Li Q;Xing Y

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亚洲水稻 (Oryza sativa) 和非洲水稻 (Oryza glaberrima) 分别由其野生祖先 Oryza rufipogon 和 Oryza barthii 驯化而成,它们对日照非常敏感。在驯化过程中,一些有利于野生稻自然生存的性状,如种子休眠和落粒性,由于这些性状背后的基因发生功能丧失突变,而变得有利于人类食用。因此,通过人工选择,许多与这些性状相关的基因已被固定在现代品种中有利的等位基因上。水稻品种经过驯化后,由于失去了光周期敏感性,逐渐从热带和亚热带传播到温带和凉爽地区。本文综述了水稻驯化相关种子性状和抽穗期的特征,包括控制这些性状的关键基因、野生稻和栽培品种等位基因多样性的差异、等位基因的地理分布以及这些性状的调控途径。综合比较表明,这些基因有助于水稻驯化及其全球扩张。此外,这些性状还通过对其他谷物关键基因同源物的人工选择而经历了平行进化。
Asian rice (Oryza sativa) and African rice (Oryza glaberrima) are separately domesticated from their wild ancestors Oryza rufipogon and Oryza barthii, which are very sensitive to daylength. In the process of domestication, some traits that are favorable for the natural survival of wild rice such as seed dormancy and shattering have become favorable ones for human consumption due to the loss-of-function mutations in the genes that are underlying these traits. As a consequence, many genes that are related to these kinds of traits have been fixed with favorable alleles in modern cultivars by artificial selection. After domestication, Oryza sativa cultivars gradually spread to temperate and cool regions from the tropics and subtropics due to the loss of their photoperiod sensitivity. In this paper, we review the characteristics of domestication-related seed traits and heading dates in rice, including the key genes controlling these traits, the differences in allelic diversity between wild rice and cultivars, the geographic distribution of alleles, and the regulatory pathways of these traits. A comprehensive comparison shows that these genes contributed to rice domestication and its global expansion. In addition, these traits have also experienced parallel evolution by artificial selection on the homologues of key genes in other cereals.
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