Childhood trauma and cognitive biases associated with psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Childhood trauma and cognitive biases associated with psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0246948
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zammit S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Croft J;Martin D;Madley-Dowd P;Strelchuk D;Davies J;Heron J;Teufel C;Zammit S
童年创伤与精神病风险增加有关，但介导这种关系的机制尚不清楚。暴露于创伤已被假设为导致认知偏差，可能有因果关系的精神病症状的影响。关于童年创伤是否与精神病相关的认知偏差有关的文献尚未得到全面的综述。一项系统性综述和荟萃分析或叙述性综合研究，检查儿童创伤与以下偏见之间的关联：外部控制点（ESTA），外部归因，概率推理，来源监测，自上而下的处理，以及对不确定性证据的偏见。研究质量进行了评估，异质性的来源进行了探索。我们从3，465项研究中纳入了25项研究。暴露于童年创伤的个体报告了更多的外部创伤（14项研究：SMD中位数= 0.40，四分位数范围0.07至0.52），与其他11项创伤研究的叙述性综合一致。荟萃分析中存在大量异质性（I2 = 93%），无法通过检查的研究特征进行解释。其他偏见的叙述性综合显示与创伤相关的证据较弱或没有证据。纳入研究的质量普遍较低。我们的综述提供了一些证据，表明童年创伤与更外部的偏见之间存在关联，但与其他偏见无关。对大多数认知偏差的研究质量低，数量少，这突出表明需要进行更严格的研究，以确定哪些偏差发生在创伤后，以及它们是否介导了童年创伤对精神病的影响。
Childhood trauma is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, but the mechanisms that mediate this relationship are unknown. Exposure to trauma has been hypothesised to lead to cognitive biases that might have causal effects on psychotic symptoms. The literature on whether childhood trauma is associated with psychosis-related cognitive biases has not been comprehensively reviewed. A systematic review and meta-analysis or narrative synthesis of studies examining the association between childhood trauma and the following biases: external locus of control (LOC), external attribution, probabilistic reasoning, source monitoring, top-down processing, and bias against disconfirmatory evidence. Studies were assessed for quality, and sources of heterogeneity were explored. We included 25 studies from 3,465 studies identified. Individuals exposed to childhood trauma reported a more external LOC (14 studies: SMD Median = 0.40, Interquartile range 0.07 to 0.52), consistent with a narrative synthesis of 11 other studies of LOC. There was substantial heterogeneity in the meta-analysis (I2 = 93%) not explained by study characteristics examined. Narrative syntheses for other biases showed weaker, or no evidence of association with trauma. The quality of included studies was generally low. Our review provides some evidence of an association between childhood trauma and a more external LOC, but not with the other biases examined. The low quality and paucity of studies for most of the cognitive biases examined highlights the need for more rigorous studies to determine which biases occur after trauma, and whether they mediate an effect of childhood trauma on psychosis.
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