Biological Oxidation of Fe(II)-Bearing Smectite by Microaerophilic Iron Oxidizer Sideroxydans lithotrophicus Using Dual Mto and Cyc2 Iron Oxidation Pathways.

Biological Oxidation of Fe(II)-Bearing Smectite by Microaerophilic Iron Oxidizer Sideroxydans lithotrophicus Using Dual Mto and Cyc2 Iron Oxidation Pathways.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.2c05142
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发表时间:
2022-12-06
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Chan, Clara S.
Chan, Clara S.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhou, Nanqing;Kupper, Robert J.;Catalano, Jeffrey G.;Thompson, Aaron;Chan, Clara S.

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铁(II)粘土在许多环境中是常见的,使它们成为潜在的重要微生物基质,但粘土还没有很好地建立作为电子供体。因此,我们探讨了铁(II)-蒙脱石是否支持生长的氧化铁石养ES-1,微需氧铁(II)氧化细菌(FeOB),使用合成的三八面体铁(II)-蒙脱石和2%的氧气。S.石养菌的增长大幅,可以氧化铁(II)-蒙脱石比非生物氧化的程度更高,基于X射线近边缘光谱(XANES)。连续提取表明,边缘-Fe(II)的氧化之前,在生物和非生物实验中的邻体-Fe(II)。由此产生的Fe(III)仍然在蒙皂石,作为次生矿物没有检测到生物和非生物氧化产物的XANES和穆斯堡尔谱。为了确定涉及的基因,我们比较了S。使用逆转录定量PCR对生长在蒙脱石上的石养型细菌与Fe(II)-柠檬酸盐进行比较,发现cyc 2基因在两种基质上都高度表达,而mtoA在蒙脱石上上调。蛋白质组学证实,Mto蛋白只在蒙脱石上表达,表明ES-1使用Mto途径来获得固体Fe(II)。我们将我们的研究结果整合到微生物蒙皂石氧化的生物化学和矿物学模型中。这项工作增加了已知的基板FeOB生长和扩展的机制,Fe(II)-蒙皂石蚀变的环境。Sideroxydans lithotrophicus氧化Fe(II)-蒙皂石,表明微生物改变的活性富铁粘土。蒙皂石保留了Fe(III),使其成为可回收的地质电池。
Fe(II) clays are common across many environments, making them a potentially significant microbial substrate, yet clays are not well established as an electron donor. Therefore, we explored whether Fe(II)-smectite supports the growth of Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1, a microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium (FeOB), using synthesized trioctahedral Fe(II)-smectite and 2% oxygen. S. lithotrophicus grew substantially and can oxidize Fe(II)-smectite to a higher extent than abiotic oxidation, based on X-ray near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). Sequential extraction showed that edge-Fe(II) is oxidized before interior-Fe(II) in both biotic and abiotic experiments. The resulting Fe(III) remains in smectite, as secondary minerals were not detected in biotic and abiotic oxidation products by XANES and Mössbauer spectroscopy. To determine the genes involved, we compared S. lithotrophicus grown on smectite versus Fe(II)-citrate using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and found that cyc2 genes were highly expressed on both substrates, while mtoA was upregulated on smectite. Proteomics confirmed that Mto proteins were only expressed on smectite, indicating that ES-1 uses the Mto pathway to access solid Fe(II). We integrate our results into a biochemical and mineralogical model of microbial smectite oxidation. This work increases the known substrates for FeOB growth and expands the mechanisms of Fe(II)-smectite alteration in the environment. Sideroxydans lithotrophicus oxidizes Fe(II)-smectite, demonstrating microbial alteration of a reactive Fe-rich clay. Smectite retains Fe(III), making it a recyclable geobattery.
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