From mice to women: the conundrum of immunity to infection during pregnancy.
From mice to women: the conundrum of immunity to infection during pregnancy.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jri.2012.10.015
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发表时间：
2013-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
McComb S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krishnan L;Nguyen T;McComb S
对感染的抵抗力是宿主引起足以消除感染因子的强烈免疫应答的能力。相反，母体对胎儿的耐受性需要仔细调节免疫反应。成功的妊娠需要母体宿主有效地平衡母体免疫反应性和对胎儿的耐受性的对立过程。然而，这种平衡可能会受到感染的干扰，感染被认为是不良妊娠结局（包括早产）的主要原因。某些病原体还对严重孕产妇疾病构成严重威胁。这些包括细胞内和慢性病原体，它们已经进化出免疫逃避策略。已经开发了模拟人类感染发病机制的细胞内细菌和寄生虫的鼠类模型。虽然人类流行病学研究提供了对母体感染免疫力的深入了解，但妊娠小鼠的实验性感染是揭示胎盘感染、先天性传播和母体疾病的复杂分子机制的重要工具。我们将提供一个全面的审查的发病机制，在怀孕的小鼠和它们的临床相关性的几种感染模型。这些模型揭示了胎盘在应答和抵抗感染中的免疫功能。鼠胎儿-胎盘感染提供了一种有效的方法来评估新的干预策略，用于管理妊娠期间的感染、不良胎儿结局以及对后代和母亲的长期影响。
Resistance to infection is the ability of the host to evoke a strong immune response sufficient to eliminate the infectious agent. In contrast, maternal tolerance to the fetus necessitates careful regulation of immune responses. Successful pregnancy requires the maternal host to effectively balance the opposing processes of maternal immune reactivity and tolerance to the fetus. However, this balance can be perturbed by infections which are recognized as the major cause of adverse pregnancy outcome including pre-term labor. Select pathogens also pose a serious threat of severe maternal illness. These include intracellular and chronic pathogens that have evolved immune evasive strategies. Murine models of intracellular bacteria and parasites that mimic pathogenesis of infection in humans have been developed. While human epidemiological studies provide insight into maternal immunity to infection, experimental infection in pregnant mice is a vital tool to unravel the complex molecular mechanisms of placental infection, congenital transmission and maternal illness. We will provide a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis of several infection models in pregnant mice and their clinical relevance. These models have revealed the immunological function of the placenta in responding to, and resisting infection. Murine feto-placental infection provides an effective way to evaluate new intervention strategies for managing infections during pregnancy, adverse fetal outcome and long-term effects on the offspring and mother.
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