Structure in neural population recordings: an expected byproduct of simpler phenomena?

Structure in neural population recordings: an expected byproduct of simpler phenomena?
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神经种群记录中的结构:更简单现象的预期副产品?

DOI:
10.1038/nn.4617
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发表时间:
2017-09
影响因子:
25
通讯作者:
Cunningham JP
Cunningham JP
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Elsayed GF;Cunningham JP

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神经学家越来越多地分析多个神经元记录的联合活动,以确定被认为具有重大意义和科学新颖性的种群水平结构。大量人口结构的说法在许多大脑区域支持假说。然而,这些主张需要首先调查这样一种可能性,即所讨论的人口结构是已知存在于数据中的更简单特征的预期副产品。传统上,这种批判性检查既可以凭直觉进行,也可以通过常规控制来解决。然而,在考虑人口数据时,这些方法失败了,这引发了人们对人口水平研究的科学价值的担忧。在这里,我们开发了一个框架,用来测试人群水平发现的新颖性与更简单的特征,如跨时间、神经元和条件的相关性。我们应用这个框架来测试最近在前额叶和运动皮质中的两个人群发现,为这些研究提供了必要的背景。更广泛地说,我们介绍的方法为许多种群水平的假设提供了一般的神经种群控制。
Neuroscientists increasingly analyze the joint activity of multi-neuron recordings to identify population-level structure that is believed to be significant and scientifically novel. Claims of significant population structure support hypotheses in many brain areas. However, these claims require first investigating the possibility that the population structure in question is an expected byproduct of simpler features known to exist in data. Classically, this critical examination can be either intuited or addressed with conventional controls. However, these approaches fail when considering population data, raising concerns about the scientific merit of population-level studies. Here we develop a framework to test the novelty of population-level findings against simpler features such as correlations across times, neurons and conditions. We apply this framework to test two recent population findings in prefrontal and motor cortices, providing essential context to those studies. More broadly, the methodologies we introduce provide a general neural population control for many population-level hypotheses.
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