Globally trace-positive noncommutative polynomials and the unbounded tracial moment problem

Globally trace-positive noncommutative polynomials and the unbounded tracial moment problem
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全局迹正非交换多项式和无界迹矩问题

DOI:
10.1007/s00208-022-02495-5
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Volčič, Jurij
Volčič, Jurij
中科院分区:
数学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Klep, Igor;Scheiderer, Claus;Volčič, Jurij

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一个非交换(nc)多项式称为(全局)迹正的,如果它在迹vonNeumann代数中的任一算子元组上的赋值有非负迹。此类多项式作为多个矩阵或算子变量的迹不等式出现,并且在数学和物理中广泛存在。本文首次给出了nc多项式整体迹正性的证明。类似于真实的代数几何中的Hilbert第17问题,迹正nc多项式被证明是正则nc有理函数的厄米特平方和的弱和.在两个变量中,这一结果进一步加强了使用一个新的平方和证书与具体的单变量的非负二元多项式。本文的迹正性证明是通过求解由非对易积分理论和自由概率引起的所谓无界迹矩问题,利用凸对偶得到的.给定nc多项式上的一个线性泛函,迹矩问题问它是否是一个迹冯诺依曼代数的积分算子的联合分布。建立了与哈维兰关于迹矩问题可解性的定理相对应的定理。此外,一个变种的Carleman的条件,以保证存在一个解决方案的跟踪时刻问题。再加上半定优化,这是用来证明每一个迹正NC多项式承认一个明确的近似在1-范数的系数的总和埃尔米特平方和nc多项式的recruitors。
A noncommutative (nc ) polynomial is called (globally) trace-positive if its evaluation at any tuple of operators in a tracial von Neumann algebra has nonnegative trace. Such polynomials emerge as trace inequalities in several matrix or operator variables, and are widespread in mathematics and physics. This paper delivers the first Positivstellensatz for global trace positivity of nc polynomials. Analogously to Hilbert’s 17th problem in real algebraic geometry, trace-positive nc polynomials are shown to be weakly sums of hermitian squares and commutators of regular nc rational functions. In two variables, this result is strengthened further using a new sum-of-squares certificate with concrete univariate denominators for nonnegative bivariate polynomials. The trace positivity certificates in this paper are obtained by convex duality through solving the so-called unbounded tracial moment problem, which arises from noncommutative integration theory and free probability. Given a linear functional on nc polynomials, the tracial moment problem asks whether it is a joint distribution of integral operators affiliated with a tracial von Neumann algebra. A counterpart to Haviland’s theorem on solvability of the tracial moment problem is established. Moreover, a variant of Carleman’s condition is shown to guarantee the existence of a solution to the tracial moment problem. Together with semidefinite optimization, this is then used to prove that every trace-positive nc polynomial admits an explicit approximation in the 1-norm on its coefficients by sums of hermitian squares and commutators of nc polynomials.
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