Isolation of Open Chromatin Identifies Regulators of Systemic Acquired Resistance1[OPEN]
Isolation of Open Chromatin Identifies Regulators of Systemic Acquired Resistance1[OPEN]
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开放染色质的分离鉴定了系统获得性耐药的调节因子1[OPEN]
作者：
Stephan Baum;Eva;Anthony M. Bolger;A. J. Mantai;V. Beneš;Bjöern Usadel;U. Conrath
开放染色质的分离鉴定了拟南芥抗霉位点O3和两个新的DNA盒可能是防御启动和系统性获得性抗病性的调节因子。在局部感染后，植物会激活一种称为系统性获得性抗性（SAR）的全身免疫反应。在SAR期间，系统叶片在再次感染时为防御基因的超诱导做好了准备。我们使用甲醛辅助分离调控DNA元件，结合下一代测序来鉴定SAR调控因子。我们的生物信息学分析在局部感染了丁香假单胞菌的拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）植株的系统叶片的3025个基因的5′区发现了10129个与引物相关的开放染色质位点。maculicola。利用全转录组霰弹枪测序方法对激射后的系统叶片进行分析，鉴定出在激射前（包含在甲醛辅助分离的调控DNA元件测序数据集中）具有引物连锁开放染色质的基因，以及在激射后（包含在整个转录组霰弹枪测序数据集中）表达增强的基因。其中，拟南芥抗霉位点O3 （MLO3）被鉴定为先前未被发现的SAR阳性调控因子。进一步的硅分析揭示了基因5 '区两个未知的顺式调控DNA元件。P-box主要与启动反应基因有关，而C-box主要与挑战基因有关。我们发现，P-盒或w -盒，后者募集WRKY转录因子，或这些盒子的组合，表征了大多数引物基因的5 '区域。因此，本研究提供了SAR过程中具有开放和可接近染色质的基因的全基因组记录，并确定了MLO3和两个先前未确定的DNA盒可能是这种免疫反应的调节因子。
Isolation of open chromatin identifies MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O3 and two novel DNA boxes as likely regulators of defense priming and systemic acquired disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Upon local infection, plants activate a systemic immune response called systemic acquired resistance (SAR). During SAR, systemic leaves become primed for the superinduction of defense genes upon reinfection. We used formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory DNA elements coupled to next-generation sequencing to identify SAR regulators. Our bioinformatic analysis produced 10,129 priming-associated open chromatin sites in the 5′ region of 3,025 genes in the systemic leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants locally infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing analysis of the systemic leaves after challenge enabled the identification of genes with priming-linked open chromatin before (contained in the formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory DNA elements sequencing dataset) and enhanced expression after (included in the whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing dataset) the systemic challenge. Among them, Arabidopsis MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O3 (MLO3) was identified as a previously unidentified positive regulator of SAR. Further in silico analysis disclosed two yet unknown cis-regulatory DNA elements in the 5′ region of genes. The P-box was mainly associated with priming-responsive genes, whereas the C-box was mostly linked to challenge. We found that the P- or W-box, the latter recruiting WRKY transcription factors, or combinations of these boxes, characterize the 5′ region of most primed genes. Therefore, this study provides a genome-wide record of genes with open and accessible chromatin during SAR and identifies MLO3 and two previously unidentified DNA boxes as likely regulators of this immune response.
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