Obligations and aspirations: A critical evaluation of offshore wind farm cumulative impact assessments
Obligations and aspirations: A critical evaluation of offshore wind farm cumulative impact assessments
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义务和愿望：海上风电场累积影响评估的严格评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.079
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Willsteed E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Willsteed E
全球海洋可再生能源的支持者强调，监管和同意程序是能源发电行业转型所需基础设施升级的重大障碍。海洋可再生能源开发累积效应的不确定性导致同意过程出现严重延误，而如何评估累积效应的不明确又加剧了这种情况。这些障碍让人认为，相对于现有的海事活动，这一重要的新兴产业受到了不成比例的审查。然而，除了减少碳排放的立法目标外，还有保护、维持和改善海洋环境状况的法律义务。随着阻止环境状况恶化的必要性不断增强，对累积影响评估的期望也随之增加，而同意拖延的风险也持续存在。为了调查当前累积影响评估实践的稳健程度，开发了一种新颖的评估框架，并将其应用于目前位于英国水域的世界上最大的海上风电场的环境声明。该框架旨在评估与负责管理累积影响的决策者的信息需求相关的累积影响评估。我们发现当前的实践不能满足这些需求，科学与实践之间存在不一致，并且观察到评估之间存在有问题的变异性。提供了改进实践的直接建议，如果实施，可以通过澄清实践来减轻监管负担。我们还强调了可以使项目主导的累积影响评估能够更好地支持区域海洋管理的其他步骤。研究结果和建议将引起世界各地海洋可再生能源与生态系统方法和海洋空间规划愿望一起兴起的国家的兴趣。
Proponents of marine renewable energy worldwide highlight that regulatory and consenting procedures are a significant barrier to the upscaling of infrastructure required to transform the energy generation sector. Uncertainties about the cumulative effects of marine renewable energy developments cause substantial delays during the consenting process, which are exacerbated by the lack of clarity about how to assess cumulative effects. These obstacles have contributed to perceptions that this essential emerging industry receives disproportionate scrutiny relative to established maritime activities. However, alongside legislated targets to reduce carbon emissions, there are legal obligations to protect, maintain and improve the condition of the marine environment. As the imperative to halt the decline in the condition of the environment increases, so expectations of cumulative impact assessments grow and the risk of consenting delays persists. To investigate how robust current cumulative impact assessment practise is, a novel evaluation framework was developed and applied to Environmental Statements of the world's largest offshore wind farms, currently in United Kingdom waters. The framework was designed to evaluate cumulative impact assessments relative to the information needs of decision-makers tasked with managing cumulative effects. We found that current practise does not meet those needs, that there is dissonance between science and practise, and problematic variability between assessments was observed. Straightforward recommendations for improved practise are provided, which if implemented may ease the perceived regulatory burden by clarifying practise. We also highlight additional steps that could enable project-led cumulative impact assessments to better support regional marine management. The results and recommendations will be of interest to countries worldwide where marine renewable energy is emerging alongside ecosystem-approach and marine spatial planning aspirations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.068
发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
N. Teichert;Á. Borja;G. Chust;A. Uriarte;M. Lepage
通讯作者：
N. Teichert;Á. Borja;G. Chust;A. Uriarte;M. Lepage
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
H. Spaling;B. Smit
通讯作者：
B. Smit
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kirsty Shearer
通讯作者：
Kirsty Shearer
解决北海南部海上风电场和其他人类活动对鸟类和蝙蝠累积影响的第一种方法
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Leopold;M. Boonman;M. Collier;N. Davaasuren;R. Jongbloed;S. Lagerveld;J. V. D. Wal;M. Scholl
通讯作者：
M. Scholl
向上、向下和横向看：重新将累积效应评估视为一种心态
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Meinhard Doelle;John Sinclair;P. Duinker
通讯作者：
P. Duinker