Reconstructing agro-pastoral practice in the Mesopotamian-Zagros borderlands: Insights from phytolith and FTIR analysis of a dung-rich deposit

Reconstructing agro-pastoral practice in the Mesopotamian-Zagros borderlands: Insights from phytolith and FTIR analysis of a dung-rich deposit
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重建美索不达米亚-扎格罗斯边境地区的农牧业实践:植硅体和富含粪便沉积物的 FTIR 分析的见解

DOI:
10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103106
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cabanes, Dan
Cabanes, Dan
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Laugier, Elise Jakoby;Casana, Jesse;Glatz, Claudia;Sameen, Salih Mohammed;Cabanes, Dan

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了解日常农牧实践对于重建古代社会的形成和维持至关重要。古代近东地区(西南亚)拥有最悠久的农牧实践历史和地球仪上最丰富的文本数据集。然而,在青铜时代(公元前4世纪末至公元前2世纪),我们对当地日常农牧管理策略的了解在西南亚的许多地区仍然是历史性的。在这项研究中,我们使用植硅体,粪球粒,和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),以确定和检查粪肥丰富的沉积物从哈尼马西,公元前第二个千年中期Kassite网站位于伊拉克库尔德地区。尽管微遗迹和地球化学方法尚未在美索不达米亚(古伊拉克)得到广泛应用,但它们有可能揭示支持其青铜时代城市、国家和帝国的生产系统。我们的目的是调查(1)当地畜牧业管理策略的范围,(2)农业和畜牧业实践之间的整合程度,以及(3)与当地生态,季节性,环境变化和continuance.Phytolith结果相关的信号的存在表明,绵羊山羊群主要是自由放牧的野草。野生草花序的优势,一个潜在的强季节性指标,可能表明季节性游牧。然而,进一步的证据,包括偶尔用谷壳喂养,多种多样的作物类型,以及现场大量积累的焚烧粪便,共同表明当地的农牧自给经济密切相关。这项研究提供了急需的经验植物学数据,以及生产的见解,为未来的应用植硅体研究在美索不达米亚地区,并揭示了新的光在扎格罗斯山麓的农牧实践在公元前第二个千年Kassite时期。
Understanding everyday agro-pastoral practice is critical for reconstructing the formation and maintenance of ancient societies. The ancient Near East (Southwest Asia) has one of the longest histories of agro-pastoral practice and one of the richest textual datasets anywhere on the globe. Yet, our knowledge of local, day-to-day agro-pastoral management strategies remains conjectural in many regions of Southwest Asia during the Bronze Age (late 4th–2nd millennium BCE). In this study we used phytoliths, dung spherulites, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify and examine dung-rich sediments from Khani Masi, a mid-second millennium BCE Kassite site located in the Kurdish Region of Iraq. While micro-remain and geochemical approaches have not yet been widely applied in Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq), they have the potential to shed light on the production systems supporting its Bronze Age cities, states, and empires. Our aim was to investigate (1) the range of local pastoral management strategies, (2) the degree of integration between agricultural and pastoral practice, and (3) the presence of signals related to the local ecology, seasonality, and environmental change and continuity.Phytolith results indicate that sheep-goat herds were primarily free grazed on wild grasses. The dominance of wild grass inflorescences, a potentially strong seasonality indicator, may suggest transhumant pastoralism. However, further evidence, including occasional foddering with cereal chaff, a diverse range of crop types, and significant accumulation of burnt dung within the site, collectively suggests a closely linked local agro-pastoral subsistence economy. This study provides much-needed empirical botanical data as well as productive insights for future application of phytolith studies in the Mesopotamian region, and sheds new light on agro-pastoral practice in the Zagros foothills during the second millennium BCE Kassite period.
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