Parrotfish predation drives distinct microbial communities in reef-building corals.
Parrotfish predation drives distinct microbial communities in reef-building corals.
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DOI：
10.1186/s42523-020-0024-0
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发表时间：
2020-02-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Burkepile DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ezzat L;Lamy T;Maher RL;Munsterman KS;Landfield KM;Schmeltzer ER;Clements CS;Vega Thurber RL;Burkepile DE
珊瑚相关的微生物群落对多种环境和生物压力敏感，可能导致生态失调和死亡。虽然这些微生物变化的过程仍然没有得到充分的理解，但已经确定了一些潜在的机制。例如，各种珊瑚虫物种的捕食，包括生态上重要的类群，如鹦嘴鱼，可能会通过叮咬诱导的传播和/或富集潜在的机会细菌来破坏珊瑚微生物组。在这里，我们使用了围隔实验和实地观察相结合，以调查是否鹦鹉鱼corallivory可以直接改变珊瑚微生物组合，并确定潜在的相关途径（如直接传输），可能有助于这些变化。我们的围隔实验表明，鹦嘴鱼Chlorurus spilurus对Porites lobata珊瑚的捕食导致珊瑚微生物组的细菌α多样性增加2- 4倍，并在48小时后改变细菌群落组成。这些变化对应于更大的丰度的潜在的有益的（即Oceanoacillum）和机会主义的细菌（即Flammeovirgaceae，杜鹃花科）在predated相比，机械受伤的珊瑚。重要的是，这些类群中的许多在C. spilurus嘴，但不是在珊瑚捕食之前。当我们在现场采样被咬和未被咬的珊瑚时，被鹦嘴鱼咬过的珊瑚表现出3倍的微生物丰富度，并在群落组成上向更丰富的潜在有益共生体（即Ruegeria）和细菌机会（即Rhodospiralles，Glaciecola）转变。此外，我们观察到，自然被咬的珊瑚与未被咬的珊瑚相比，群落变异性大4倍，这是生态失调的潜在指标。有趣的是，在自然被咬的珊瑚中检测到的一些微生物分类群（但在未被咬的珊瑚群落中没有检测到）也在鹦嘴鱼的嘴里检测到。我们的研究结果表明，鹦嘴鱼corallivory可能代表了一种未被识别的细菌传播途径和/或稀有和独特的细菌类群的富集，这两者都可能影响珊瑚微生物组和健康。更广泛地说，我们强调如何低估的途径，如corallivory，可能有助于生态失调的珊瑚礁内，这将是至关重要的理解和预测珊瑚疾病的动态珊瑚礁进一步退化。
Coral-associated microbial communities are sensitive to multiple environmental and biotic stressors that can lead to dysbiosis and mortality. Although the processes contributing to these microbial shifts remain inadequately understood, a number of potential mechanisms have been identified. For example, predation by various corallivore species, including ecologically-important taxa such as parrotfishes, may disrupt coral microbiomes via bite-induced transmission and/or enrichment of potentially opportunistic bacteria. Here, we used a combination of mesocosm experiments and field-based observations to investigate whether parrotfish corallivory can alter coral microbial assemblages directly and to identify the potentially relevant pathways (e.g. direct transmission) that may contribute to these changes. Our mesocosm experiment demonstrated that predation by the parrotfish Chlorurus spilurus on Porites lobata corals resulted in a 2-4x increase in bacterial alpha diversity of the coral microbiome and a shift in bacterial community composition after 48 h. These changes corresponded with greater abundance of both potentially beneficial (i.e. Oceanospirillum) and opportunistic bacteria (i.e. Flammeovirgaceae, Rhodobacteraceae) in predated compared to mechanically wounded corals. Importantly, many of these taxa were detectable in C. spilurus mouths, but not in corals prior to predation. When we sampled bitten and unbitten corals in the field, corals bitten by parrotfishes exhibited 3x greater microbial richness and a shift in community composition towards greater abundance of both potential beneficial symbionts (i.e. Ruegeria) and bacterial opportunists (i.e. Rhodospiralles, Glaciecola). Moreover, we observed 4x greater community variability in naturally bitten vs. unbitten corals, a potential indicator of dysbiosis. Interestingly, some of the microbial taxa detected in naturally bitten corals, but not unbitten colonies, were also detected in parrotfish mouths. Our findings suggest that parrotfish corallivory may represent an unrecognized route of bacterial transmission and/or enrichment of rare and distinct bacterial taxa, both of which could impact coral microbiomes and health. More broadly, we highlight how underappreciated pathways, such as corallivory, may contribute to dysbiosis within reef corals, which will be critical for understanding and predicting coral disease dynamics as reefs further degrade.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Huggett MJ;Apprill A
通讯作者：
Apprill A
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Apprill, Amy;McNally, Sean;Weber, Laura
通讯作者：
Weber, Laura
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Aeby, Greta S.;Santavy, Deborah L.
通讯作者：
Santavy, Deborah L.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bonaldo, R. M.;Bellwood, D. R.
通讯作者：
Bellwood, D. R.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Herder, F.;Freyhof, J.
通讯作者：
Freyhof, J.