Interpretable machine learning models for crime prediction

Interpretable machine learning models for crime prediction
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用于犯罪预测的可解释机器学习模型

DOI:
10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101789
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发表时间:
2022-06
期刊:
Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jianguo Chen
Jianguo Chen
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu Zhang;Lin Liu;Minxuan Lan;Guangwen Song;Luzi Xiao;Jianguo Chen

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犯罪模式与相关变量之间的关系引起了广泛关注。这些变量在犯罪预测中起着至关重要的作用。虽然传统的回归模型能够揭示变量的贡献,但它们对于犯罪预测来说并不是最佳的。相比之下,机器学习模型对犯罪预测更有效,但大多数模型无法估计每个变量的贡献。本研究旨在通过利用先进机器学习模型的可解释性来克服这一限制。本研究以日常活动理论和犯罪模式理论为基础,选取了17个变量进行犯罪预测。采用XGBoost算法训练预测模型。一个事后解释的方法,Shapley加法解释(SHAP),是用来辨别个人变量的贡献。SHAP值越高的变量对犯罪预测模型的贡献越大。除了整个区域的全球模型外,还在每个研究单元校准了局部模型,揭示了变量独特贡献的空间变化。在该模型使用的所有17个变量中,25-44岁的非本地人口和周围人口的比例对预测犯罪的贡献最大。该地区25-44岁的周围人口越多,公共盗窃越多。此外,映射本地SHAP值,以证明每个变量对整个研究区域的犯罪预测模型的贡献。本地模型的结果可以帮助警方解决每个地点的最重要因素,而全球模型可以识别整个地区的重要因素。
The relationship between crime patterns and associated variables has drawn a lot of attention. These variables play a critical role in crime prediction. While traditional regression models are capable of revealing the contribution of the variables, they are not optimal for crime prediction. In contrast, machine learning models are more effective for crime prediction, but most of them cannot estimate the contribution of each individual variable. This study aims to overcome this limitation by taking advantage of the interpretability of advanced machine learning models. Based on the routine activity theory and crime pattern theory, this study selects 17 variables for the crime prediction. The XGBoost algorithm is adopted to train the prediction model. A post-hoc interpretable method, Shapley additive explanation (SHAP), is used to discern the contribution of individual variables. A variable with a higher SHAP value has a higher contribution to the crime prediction model. In addition to the global model for the entire area, a local model is calibrated at each study unit, revealing the spatial variation of the variables' unique contributions. Among all 17 variables used in this model, the proportion of the non-local population and the ambient population aged 25–44 contribute more than other variables in predicting crime. The more the ambient population aged 25–44 in the area, the more the public thefts. Additionally, local SHAP values are mapped to demonstrate each variable's contribution to the crime prediction model across the study area. The results of the local models can help the police tackle the most important factors at each location, while the global model identifies the important factors for the entire region.
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发表时间: 2018-12
期刊: Comput. Stat. Data Anal.
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