The neural basis of heat seeking in a human-infective parasitic worm.

The neural basis of heat seeking in a human-infective parasitic worm.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.010
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发表时间:
2022-05-23
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Hallem, Elissa A.
Hallem, Elissa A.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bryant, Astra S.;Ruiz, Felicitas;Ha Lee, Joon;Hallem, Elissa A.

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土壤传播的寄生线虫感染超过10亿人,并在世界范围内造成毁灭性的发病率。这些寄生虫中的许多具有感染性的幼虫,它们利用热线索来定位宿主。在这里,我们确定了人类线虫Strongyloides stercoralis的热感觉神经元,并表明它们显示出独特的功能适应,使精确编码的温度高达人体温度。我们证明,经验依赖性的热可塑性调节这些神经元的动态范围,同时保持其编码主机相关温度的能力。我们描述了一种新的行为,感染性幼虫自发地扭转吸引热源在亚体温,并表明这种行为是介导的快速适应的热敏神经元。最后,我们确定了赋予寄生虫特异性体温敏感性的温度感受器。我们的研究结果确定了寄生虫特异性神经适应,使寄生线虫能够靶向人类,并为药物开发提供基础,以防止人类感染。Bryant等人报告说,穿透皮肤的人体寄生线虫Strongyloides stercoralis依赖于保守的热敏神经元对来驱动对人体热量的吸引。作者证明了寄生虫特异性的感觉编码策略驱动了人类感染性寄生蠕虫的温度驱动的宿主寻找。
Soil-transmitted parasitic nematodes infect over one billion people and cause devastating morbidity worldwide. Many of these parasites have infective larvae that locate hosts using thermal cues. Here, we identify the thermosensory neurons of the human threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis and show that they display unique functional adaptations that enable the precise encoding of temperatures up to human body temperature. We demonstrate that experience-dependent thermal plasticity regulates the dynamic range of these neurons while preserving their ability to encode host-relevant temperatures. We describe a novel behavior in which infective larvae spontaneously reverse attraction to heat sources at sub-body temperatures and show that this behavior is mediated by rapid adaptation of the thermosensory neurons. Finally, we identify thermoreceptors that confer parasite-specific sensitivity to body heat. Our results pinpoint the parasite-specific neural adaptations that enable parasitic nematodes to target humans and provide the foundation for drug development to prevent human infection. Bryant et al. report that the skin-penetrating, human-parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis relies on a conserved thermosensory neuron pair to drive attraction to human body heat. The authors demonstrate that parasite-specific sensory encoding strategies drive temperature-driven host seeking by human-infective parasitic worms.
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