A holistic perspective on herpes simplex virus (HSV) ecology and evolution.
A holistic perspective on herpes simplex virus (HSV) ecology and evolution.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.aivir.2021.05.001
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Szpara ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rathbun MM;Szpara ML
单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）会引起人类慢性感染，其特征是定期发生粘膜脱落和溃疡性疾病。HSV在世界范围内引起数百万例感染，伴随着终身的病毒再激活，这些病毒在神经节中潜伏。受感染的个体经历不同程度的疾病严重程度和重新激活的频率。有两种亲缘关系较远的HSV物种，HSV-1感染历史上最常见于口腔龛，HSV-2感染在生殖器龛。在过去的二十年中，HSV-1已成为多个国家首次发作生殖器疱疹的主要原因。虽然HSV-1在人类α-疱疹病毒中具有最高水平的遗传多样性，但尚不清楚人类宿主中HSV-1病毒群体随时间的适应速度，或者是否存在与病毒再活化和/或传播相关的群体瓶颈。也不知道HSV感染发生的生态环境如何影响它们的进化轨迹，或共同存在的病毒和微生物的进化轨迹。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了HSV如何在每次新感染中积累遗传多样性，并保持其成功感染大多数人群的能力。对自然人类感染的生态背景进行全面检查可以扩大我们对HSV在人类宿主内和之间移动时如何适应的认识，并揭示这些终身人类-病毒相互作用的复杂性。这些见解可能反过来为其他慢性病原体的探索提供了新的领域，这些病原体成功地在宿主中进化并持续存在。
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) cause chronic infection in humans that are characterized by periodic episodes of mucosal shedding and ulcerative disease. HSV causes millions of infections world-wide, with lifelong bouts of viral reactivation from latency in neuronal ganglia. Infected individuals experience different levels of disease severity and frequency of reactivation. There are two distantly related HSV species, with HSV-1 infections historically found most often in the oral niche and HSV-2 infections in the genital niche. Over the last two decades, HSV-1 has emerged as the leading cause of first-episode genital herpes in multiple countries. While HSV-1 has the highest level of genetic diversity among human alpha-herpesviruses, it is not yet known how quickly the HSV-1 viral population in a human host adapts over time, or if there are population bottlenecks associated with viral reactivation and/or transmission. It is also unknown how the ecological environments in which HSV infections occur influence their evolutionary trajectory, or that of co- occurring viruses and microbes. In this review, we explore how HSV accrues genetic diversity within each new infection, and yet maintains its ability to successfully infect most of the human population. A holistic examination of the ecological context of natural human infections can expand our awareness of how HSV adapts as it moves within and between human hosts, and reveal the complexity of these lifelong human- virus interactions. These insights may in turn suggest new areas of exploration for other chronic pathogens that successfully evolve and persist among their hosts.
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影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Depledge DP;Kundu S;Jensen NJ;Gray ER;Jones M;Steinberg S;Gershon A;Kinchington PR;Schmid DS;Balloux F;Nichols RA;Breuer J
通讯作者：
Breuer J
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1818130116
发表时间：
2019-03-19
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Breuer, Judith
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Szpara, Moriah L.
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Biswas B;Kandpal M;Jauhari UK;Vivekanandan P
通讯作者：
Vivekanandan P