Mechanisms of nickel toxicity in microorganisms.

Mechanisms of nickel toxicity in microorganisms.
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DOI:
10.1039/c1mt00063b
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发表时间:
2011-11
期刊:
Metallomics : integrated biometal science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hausinger RP
Hausinger RP
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Macomber L;Hausinger RP

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长期以来,镍一直被认为是一种重要的人类毒物,包括形成癌症的能力,但直到最近,人们还认为镍只是生活在富镍蛇纹岩土壤或受工业污染地区的微生物的问题。这一假设被在广泛环境生态位中的微生物中发现的镍防御系统(RcnR/RcnA)所推翻,这表明镍的动态平衡是一个普遍的生物学问题。到目前为止,镍在微生物和高等真核生物中的毒性机制还知之甚少。在这篇综述中,我们总结了微生物使用的镍稳态过程,并强调了体内和体外暴露于高浓度镍的影响。在此基础上,我们提出了镍毒性的四种机制:1)镍取代了金属蛋白的必需金属;2)镍与非金属酶的催化残基结合;3)镍与酶的催化部位外结合以变构抑制;4)镍间接引起氧化应激。
Nickel has long been known to be an important human toxicant, including having the ability to form carcinomas, but until recently nickel was believed to be an issue only to microorganisms living in nickel-rich serpentine soils or areas contaminated by industrial pollution. This assumption was overturned by the discovery of a nickel defense system (RcnR/RcnA) found in microorganisms that live in a wide range of environmental niches, suggesting that nickel homeostasis is a general biological concern. To date, the mechanisms of nickel toxicity in microorganisms and higher eukaryotes are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize nickel homeostasis processes used by microorganisms and highlight in vivo and in vitro effects of exposure to elevated concentrations of nickel. On the basis of this evidence we propose four mechanisms of nickel toxicity: 1) nickel replaces the essential metal of metalloproteins, 2) nickel binds to catalytic residues of non-metalloenzymes; 3) nickel binds outside the catalytic site of an enzyme to inhibit allosterically, and 4) nickel indirectly causes oxidative stress.
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