A Heterozygous Genotype-Dependent Branched-Spike Wheat and the Potential Genetic Mechanism Revealed by Transcriptome Sequencing.
A Heterozygous Genotype-Dependent Branched-Spike Wheat and the Potential Genetic Mechanism Revealed by Transcriptome Sequencing.
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杂合基因型依赖性分枝穗小麦及其转录组测序揭示的潜在遗传机制
DOI：
10.3390/biology10050437
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发表时间：
2021-05-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Li T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma T;Li L;Zhao Y;Hua C;Sun Z;Li T
简单总结 本文报道了一种来自自然突变事件的新型分枝穗小麦。分支穗由杂合基因型控制。遗传模式表明，配子体雄性不育可能促成了负责分枝穗性状的杂合基因型。具有分枝穗的突变体和具有正常穗的野生型之间的表达水平和小麦卷曲穗（WFZP）测序表明WFZP不是分枝穗的致病基因。转录组测序数据表明碳水化合物代谢可能参与分支刺突性状的形成。摘要 小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 穗结构是与穗发育和籽粒产量相关的重要性状。在此，我们报道了一种天然存在的小麦突变体，其野生型 YD-16 具有分枝小穗 (BSL)，该突变体具有正常的穗性状，并对小麦赤霉病 (FHB) 具有中等水平的抗性。位于 BSL 突变体轴节基部的侧分生组织发育成以多小穗为特征的分枝小穗。 BSL突变体的生育期比野生型长3至4天，但千粒重低于野生型，并且对FHB感染高度敏感，表明控制BSL性状的位点可能在现代育种过程中经历了密集的人工和/或自然选择。具有 BSL 性状的品系的自花授粉后代始终与等比例的分枝小麦和正常小穗 (NSL) 小麦分离，并且即使在九个自花授粉周期后也无法获得具有 BSL 性状的纯合子。 BSL 植物的自花授粉后代以及 BSL 植物与其姐妹 NSL 植物之间的互交的不同分离模式表明配子体雄性不育可能与 BSL 性状的杂合性有关。对抽穗期两种穗状性状进行对比的RNA块的转录组测序表明，2DS染色体上的基因可能对BSL性状的形成至关重要，因为2540个差异表达基因（DEG）中有329个位于该染色体上，并且大多数基因下调。京都基因与基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 分析表明碳水化合物代谢可能参与 BSL 性状表达。这项工作为了解小麦穗的发育和驯化以及 BSL 性状与 FHB 易感性的关联提供了宝贵的线索。
Simple Summary This paper reported a novel type of branched spike wheat from a natural mutation event. The branched spike was controlled by a heterozygous genotype. The genetic patterns showed that gametophytic male sterility probably contributed to the heterozygous genotype responsible for the branched spike trait. Expressional levels and Wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) sequencing between the mutant with the branched spike and the wild-type with the normal spike showed that WFZP was not the causal gene for the branched spike. Data from transcriptome sequencing indicated that carbohydrate metabolism might be involved in the formation of the branched spike trait. Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike architecture is an important trait associated with spike development and grain yield. Here, we report a naturally occurring wheat mutant with branched spikelets (BSL) from its wild-type YD-16, which has a normal spike trait and confers a moderate level of resistance to wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB). The lateral meristems positioned at the basal parts of the rachis node of the BSL mutant develop into ramified spikelets characterized as multiple spikelets. The BSL mutant shows three to four-day longer growth period but less 1000-grain weight than the wild type, and it becomes highly susceptible to FHB infection, indicating that the locus controlling the BSL trait may have undergone an intensively artificial and/or natural selection in modern breeding process. The self-pollinated descendants of the lines with the BSL trait consistently segregated with an equal ratio of branched and normal spikelets (NSL) wheat, and homozygotes with the BSL trait could not be achieved even after nine cycles of self-pollination. Distinct segregation patterns both from the self-pollinated progenies of the BSL plants and from the reciprocal crosses between the BSL plants with their sister NSL plants suggested that gametophytic male sterility was probably associated with the heterozygosity for the BSL trait. Transcriptome sequencing of the RNA bulks contrasting in the two types of spike trait at the heading stage indicated that the genes on chromosome 2DS may be critical for the BSL trait formation since 329 out of 2540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were located on that chromosome, and most of them were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolism may be involved in the BSL trait expression. This work provides valuable clues into understanding development and domestication of wheat spike as well as the association of the BSL trait with FHB susceptibility.
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