Evolution in a changing environment.

Evolution in a changing environment.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0052742
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Pastor-Satorras R
Pastor-Satorras R
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baronchelli A;Chater N;Christiansen MH;Pastor-Satorras R

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我们提出了一个简单的遗传适应不断变化的环境的模型,描述了以两个最大值为特征的适应度景观。一种与适应环境的“专业”个体相关;另一种与适应环境的“专业”个体相关。随着环境的变化,这个最大值会随着时间的推移而变化。另一个最大值是静态的,代表不受环境变化影响的“通才”个体。景观的其余部分被“不适应”的个体占据。我们的分析考虑了这三个亚群的进化。我们的主要结果是,在存在足够稳定的环境特征的情况下,就像在物理栖息地不变的情况下一样,专家可以主导人口。相比之下,快速变化的环境特征,例如语言或文化习惯,是基因的移动目标。在这里,通才占主导地位,因为最好的进化策略是采用不专门针对任何特定环境的中性等位基因。我们提出的模型基于关于进化动力学的简单假设,并在一个重要的相图中描述了所有可能的场景。该方法提供了一个总体框架来解决鲍德温效应、语言的生物学基础或气候快速变化的生态后果等基本问题。
We propose a simple model for genetic adaptation to a changing environment, describing a fitness landscape characterized by two maxima. One is associated with “specialist” individuals that are adapted to the environment; this maximum moves over time as the environment changes. The other maximum is static, and represents “generalist” individuals not affected by environmental changes. The rest of the landscape is occupied by “maladapted” individuals. Our analysis considers the evolution of these three subpopulations. Our main result is that, in presence of a sufficiently stable environmental feature, as in the case of an unchanging aspect of a physical habitat, specialists can dominate the population. By contrast, rapidly changing environmental features, such as language or cultural habits, are a moving target for the genes; here, generalists dominate, because the best evolutionary strategy is to adopt neutral alleles not specialized for any specific environment. The model we propose is based on simple assumptions about evolutionary dynamics and describes all possible scenarios in a non-trivial phase diagram. The approach provides a general framework to address such fundamental issues as the Baldwin effect, the biological basis for language, or the ecological consequences of a rapid climate change.
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