Review of the mechanism of processive actin filament elongation by formins.

Review of the mechanism of processive actin filament elongation by formins.
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DOI:
10.1002/cm.20379
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发表时间:
2009-08
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pollard, Thomas D.
Pollard, Thomas D.
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Paul, Aditya S.;Pollard, Thomas D.

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我们回顾最近的结构和生物物理研究的作用机制的formins,蛋白质,直接组装的无分支的肌动蛋白丝的细胞动力学收缩环和其他细胞结构。成形素使用游离的肌动蛋白单体使细丝成核,然后在这些细丝伸长时保持与这些细丝的倒刺末端结合。除了可变的调节结构域之外,formin通常还具有FH 1和FH 2结构域。FH 1结构域具有多个profilin结合位点,profilin是一种丰富的肌动蛋白单体结合蛋白。FH 2同源二聚体环绕细丝的倒刺末端。大多数FH 2结构域抑制肌动蛋白丝的伸长,但FH 1结构域集中多个profilin-actin复合物附近的丝的末端。肌动蛋白从FH 1结构域非常迅速地转移到细丝的倒刺末端,允许以超过通过添加在溶液中扩散的游离肌动蛋白单体的伸长的速率伸长。肌动蛋白与纤维末端的结合为FH 2的高度进行性运动提供了能量,因为纤维增加了数千个肌动蛋白亚基。这些生物物理学的见解提供了背景,以了解如何formins有助于肌动蛋白组装在细胞中。
We review recent structural and biophysical studies of the mechanism of action of formins, proteins that direct the assembly of unbranched actin filaments for cytokinetic contractile rings and other cellular structures. Formins use free actin monomers to nucleate filaments and then remain bound to the barbed ends of these filaments as they elongate. In addition to variable regulatory domains, formins typically have formin homology 1 (FH1) and formin homology 2 (FH2) domains. FH1 domains have multiple binding sites for profilin, an abundant actin monomer binding protein. FH2 homodimers encircle the barbed end of a filament. Most FH2 domains inhibit actin filament elongation, but FH1 domains concentrate multiple profilin-actin complexes near the end of the filament. Actin transfers very rapidly from the FH1 domains onto the barbed end of the filament, allowing elongation at rates that exceed elongation by the addition of free actin monomers diffusing in solution. Binding of actin to the end of the filament provides the energy for the highly processive movement of the FH2 as a filament adds thousands of actin subunits. These biophysical insights provide the context to understand how formins contribute to actin assembly in cells.
芽殖酵母酿酒酵母中内体和肌动蛋白斑块的组装、拆卸和肌动蛋白电缆依赖性运动的活细胞成像。
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