Force encoding in stick insect legs delineates a reference frame for motor control.
Force encoding in stick insect legs delineates a reference frame for motor control.
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竹节虫腿部的力编码描绘了运动控制的参考系。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00274.2012
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
A. Büschges
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Zill;J. Schmitz;Sumaiya Chaudhry;A. Büschges
力的调节是电机控制不可或缺的一部分。然而，目前还不清楚如何从感觉器官的信息，检测在个别肌肉或关节的力量被纳入一个参考框架的运动控制。钟状感受器是通过表皮张力监测力的感受器。研究了竹节虫转子钟状感器对载荷和肌肉力的编码。对中腿施加力以模拟负荷和/或肌肉收缩。选择性感觉消融限制活动记录在腿的主要神经特定的受体群体。转子钟状感器由四个独立的组组成。我们发现，背侧组（第3组和第4组）编码的力在髋转子关节的运动平面上增加和减少。第3组受体放电增加背侧负荷和腹侧负荷减少。第4组表现为反向敏感。有力的，方向性的反应也发生在转子降肌的收缩和肌肉插入处施加的力。所有感觉放电编码的幅度和速率的负荷或肌肉力量。刺激受体产生反射效应的降压运动神经元，可以在主动运动过程中逆转的迹象。这些数据，结合以前的研究结果，支持一个模型，其中转子受体作为一个阵列，可以检测力在所有方向上相对于腿部运动的内在平面。该阵列可以提供有关力的必要信息，并简化姿势和行走的控制和适应。
The regulation of forces is integral to motor control. However, it is unclear how information from sense organs that detect forces at individual muscles or joints is incorporated into a frame of reference for motor control. Campaniform sensilla are receptors that monitor forces by cuticular strains. We studied how loads and muscle forces are encoded by trochanteral campaniform sensilla in stick insects. Forces were applied to the middle leg to emulate loading and/or muscle contractions. Selective sensory ablations limited activities recorded in the main leg nerve to specific receptor groups. The trochanteral campaniform sensilla consist of four discrete groups. We found that the dorsal groups (Groups 3 and 4) encoded force increases and decreases in the plane of movement of the coxo-trochanteral joint. Group 3 receptors discharged to increases in dorsal loading and decreases in ventral load. Group 4 showed the reverse directional sensitivities. Vigorous, directional responses also occurred to contractions of the trochanteral depressor muscle and to forces applied at the muscle insertion. All sensory discharges encoded the amplitude and rate of loading or muscle force. Stimulation of the receptors produced reflex effects in the depressor motoneurons that could reverse in sign during active movements. These data, in conjunction with findings of previous studies, support a model in which the trochanteral receptors function as an array that can detect forces in all directions relative to the intrinsic plane of leg movement. The array could provide requisite information about forces and simplify the control and adaptation of posture and walking.
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