A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Tendon Wave Speed from Skin-Mounted Accelerometers.
A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Tendon Wave Speed from Skin-Mounted Accelerometers.
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DOI：
10.3390/s22062283
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发表时间：
2022-03-16
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cone SG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmitz DG;Thelen DG;Cone SG
剪切波张力测定是一种基于剪切波传播速度评估体内肌腱力的无创方法。波速是通过在肌腱中脉冲激励剪切波，然后评估安装在皮肤上的加速度计之间的波传播时间来测量的。波传播时的信号失真可能会导致估计的波传播时间出现错误。在这项研究中，我们研究了使用卡尔曼滤波器来融合波传播的空间和时间加速度计测量。空间测量包括估计的加速度计之间的波传播时间。时间测量是连续脉冲敲击之间到达固定加速度计的波的变化。当卡尔曼滤波器应用于模拟张力计数据时，显着提高了估计波速的准确性。在存在随机传感器噪声的情况下，估计波速的变异性降低了约 55%。研究发现，将加速度计的数量从两个增加到三个，波速误差进一步减少了 45%。在加速度计位置存在不确定性的情况下，冗余加速度计 (>2) 的使用还提高了波速测量的鲁棒性。我们得出的结论是，使用卡尔曼滤波器和冗余加速度计可以提高使用剪切波张力计跟踪运动过程中肌腱波速度和载荷的保真度。
Shear wave tensiometry is a noninvasive approach for assessing in vivo tendon forces based on the speed of a propagating shear wave. Wave speed is measured by impulsively exciting a shear wave in a tendon and then assessing the wave travel time between skin-mounted accelerometers. Signal distortion with wave travel can cause errors in the estimated wave travel time. In this study, we investigated the use of a Kalman filter to fuse spatial and temporal accelerometer measurements of wave propagation. Spatial measurements consist of estimated wave travel times between accelerometers. Temporal measurements are the change in wave arrival at a fixed accelerometer between successive impulsive taps. The Kalman filter substantially improved the accuracy of estimated wave speeds when applied to simulated tensiometer data. The variability of estimated wave speed was reduced by ~55% in the presence of random sensor noise. It was found that increasing the number of accelerometers from two to three further reduced wave speed errors by 45%. The use of redundant accelerometers (>2) also improved the robustness of wave speed measures in the presence of uncertainty in accelerometer location. We conclude that the use of a Kalman filter and redundant accelerometers can enhance the fidelity of using shear wave tensiometers to track tendon wave speed and loading during movement.
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