Evaluation of California's 'Tobacco 21' law.
Evaluation of California's 'Tobacco 21' law.
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054088
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Roeseler A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang X;Vuong TD;Andersen-Rodgers E;Roeseler A
加利福尼亚州将烟草销售最低年龄提高至 21 岁的法律于 2016 年 6 月 9 日生效。这项法律被称为“烟草 21”或“T21”，还扩大了烟草的定义，将电子烟设备包括在内。本文介绍了T21评估计划和初步评估结果。创建评估计划和逻辑模型来评估T21。该法律生效 7 个月后进行了一项烟草零售商民意调查，以评估意识、支持和实施情况；对加州成年人进行了在线调查，以提供 T21 实施前后烟草使用和态度变化的数据；进行烟草购买调查以评估零售商违规率（RVR）。多变量模型估计了 RVR 的几率以及了解、同意和观察与 T21 相关的广告的几率。 T21生效7个月后，98.6%的零售商了解该法律，60.6%的零售商支持该法律。此外，66.2% 的零售商认为，21 岁之前开始吸烟的人会对烟草产品上瘾。使用18岁以下青少年诱饵的RVR统计上从T21之前的10.3%下降到T21之后的5.7%（P=0.002）。此外，使用 18-19 岁青少年诱饵的传统烟草的 RVR 为 14.2%（95% CI 9.3% 至 19.1%），电子烟设备的 RVR 为 13.1%（95% CI 10.2% 至 16.1%）。调查结果表明，对该法律的高度认识和支持可能有助于减少向 18 岁以下青少年销售非法烟草，并使零售商广泛遵守禁止向 21 岁以下青少年销售的新法律。
California’s law raising the minimum tobacco sales age to 21 went into effect on 9 June 2016. This law, known as ‘Tobacco 21’ or ‘T21’, also expanded the definition of tobacco to include electronic smoking devices. This paper describes the T21 evaluation plan and initial evaluation results. An evaluation plan and logic model were created to evaluate T21. A tobacco retailer poll was conducted 7 months after the law went into effect to assess awareness, support and implementation; an online survey of California adults was fielded to provide data on tobacco use and attitudinal changes before and after T21 implementation; and tobacco purchase surveys were conducted to assess the retailer violation rate (RVR). Multivariate models estimated the odds of RVR and odds of being aware, agreeing with and observing advertisements related to T21. Seven months after the T21 effective date, 98.6% of retailers were aware of the law and 60.6% supported the law. Furthermore, 66.2% of retailers agreed that people who start smoking before 21 would become addicted to tobacco products. The RVR using youth decoys under age 18 statistically decreased from 10.3% before T21 to 5.7% after T21 (P=0.002). Furthermore, the RVR using young adult decoys ages 18–19 was 14.2% (95% CI 9.3% to 19.1%) for traditional tobacco and 13.1% (95% CI 10.2% to 16.1%) for electronic smoking devices. Survey findings suggest that the high awareness and support for the law may have contributed to reducing illegal tobacco sales to youth under 18 and achieving widespread retailer conformity with the new law disallowing sales to young adults under 21.
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