A molecular phylogeny of Plesiorycteropus reassigns the extinct mammalian order 'Bibymalagasia'.
A molecular phylogeny of Plesiorycteropus reassigns the extinct mammalian order 'Bibymalagasia'.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0059614
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Buckley M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buckley M
马达加斯加以其多样化的动植物群而闻名，这里有许多世界其他地方没有的物种。然而，其近期的生物多样性包括一系列已灭绝的神秘动物群，如象鸟、巨型狐猴和侏儒河马。自 19 世纪被发现以来，“马达加斯加土豚”（Plesiorycteropus）一直是马达加斯加最不为人所知的灭绝物种之一。最初被认为是土豚（Orycteropus）的近亲，属于土豚目（Tubulidentata），但最近的形态学分析对这种安排提出了质疑，因为支持这种分配的可识别衍生特征是对挖掘的适应，而不是共同的祖先。由于骨骼证据显示了许多诊断不同真兽类哺乳动物目的形态特征，因此它们不能用于解析其近亲。因此，该属被暂时指定为自己的分类目“Bibymalagasia”，但尽管进行了大量的形态学研究，但该目与其他真兽哺乳动物目的关系仍不清楚。这项研究提供了第一个已知的 Plesiorycteropus 分子序列数据，该数据是从骨蛋白胶原蛋白 (I) 中获得的，这表明“马达加斯加土豚”与马岛豚的关系比土豚的关系更密切。更具体地说，Plesiorycteropus 是在 Afrotheria 的 Tenrecoidea（金鼹鼠和 Tenrecs）目中发现的，这表明分类目“Bibymalagasia”已经过时。这项研究强调了胶原蛋白测序在研究灭绝物种的系统发育方面的潜力，作为古代 DNA (aDNA) 测序的可行替代方案，特别是在无法恢复 aDNA 的情况下。
Madagascar is well known for its diverse fauna and flora, being home to many species not found anywhere else in the world. However, its biodiversity in the recent past included a range of extinct enigmatic fauna, such as elephant birds, giant lemurs and dwarfed hippopotami. The ‘Malagasy aardvark’ (Plesiorycteropus) has remained one of Madagascar’s least well-understood extinct species since its discovery in the 19th century. Initially considered a close relative of the aardvark (Orycteropus) within the order Tubulidentata, more recent morphological analyses challenged this placement on the grounds that the identifiably derived traits supporting this allocation were adaptations to digging rather than shared ancestry. Because the skeletal evidence showed many morphological traits diagnostic of different eutherian mammal orders, they could not be used to resolve its closest relatives. As a result, the genus was tentatively assigned its own taxonomic order ‘Bibymalagasia’, yet how this order relates to other eutherian mammal orders remains unclear despite numerous morphological investigations. This research presents the first known molecular sequence data for Plesiorycteropus, obtained from the bone protein collagen (I), which places the ‘Malagasy aardvark’ as more closely related to tenrecs than aardvarks. More specifically, Plesiorycteropus was recovered within the order Tenrecoidea (golden moles and tenrecs) within Afrotheria, suggesting that the taxonomic order ‘Bibymalagasia’ is obsolete. This research highlights the potential for collagen sequencing in investigating the phylogeny of extinct species as a viable alternative to ancient DNA (aDNA) sequencing, particularly in cases where aDNA cannot be recovered.
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