Endothelial Glycocalyx.
Endothelial Glycocalyx.
复制标题
内皮糖萼。
DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c210029
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发表时间：
2022-08-23
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Martinez-Lemus, Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foote, Christopher A.;Soares, Rogerio N.;Ramirez-Perez, Francisco, I;Ghiarone, Thaysa;Aroor, Annayya;Manrique-Acevedo, Camila;Padilla, Jaume;Martinez-Lemus, Luis
糖萼是从细胞体突出的多糖结构。它主要由糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖组成，它们为细胞提供通讯、静电荷、离子缓冲、渗透性和机械感觉-机械转导能力。在血管中，突出到血管腔中的内皮糖萼将血管壁与循环血液分开。这样的物理位置允许其许多组分，包括唾液酸、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-1、硫酸乙酰肝素和透明质酸，参与血流依赖性剪切应力的机械感觉-机械转导，这导致一氧化氮的合成和流动介导的血管舒张。内皮糖萼还参与血管通透性的调节和炎症反应的调节，包括白细胞滚动和外渗的过程。其结构架构和负电荷可防止大于约70 kDa的大分子和阳离子分子结合并流出血管系统。这也防止了病原体如细菌和病毒以及肿瘤细胞的外渗。由于其不断暴露于剪切和循环酶如神经氨酸酶、乙酰肝素酶、透明质酸酶和基质金属蛋白酶，内皮糖萼处于连续的降解和更新过程中。有利于降解的平衡与多种病理学相关，包括动脉粥样硬化、高血压、血管老化、转移性癌症和糖尿病血管病变。因此，正在进行的研究工作集中在破译促进糖萼降解或限制其合成的机制，以及改善糖萼完整性以减少血管疾病的治疗方法。
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than ~70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Bendas G;Borsig L
通讯作者：
Borsig L
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Barth D;Knoepp F;Fronius M
通讯作者：
Fronius M
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Serroukh Y;Djebara S;Lelubre C;Zouaoui Boudjeltia K;Biston P;Piagnerelli M
通讯作者：
Piagnerelli M
影响因子：
4
作者：
Bode, Constantin;Sensken, Sven-Christian;Graeler, Markus H.
通讯作者：
Graeler, Markus H.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bartosch, Anne Marie W.;Mathews, Rick;Tarbell, John M.
通讯作者：
Tarbell, John M.