The criminalization of persons with serious mental illness living in rural areas.

The criminalization of persons with serious mental illness living in rural areas.
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将居住在农村地区的患有严重精神疾病的人定为刑事犯罪。

DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-0361.1997.tb00829.x
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发表时间:
1997
期刊:
The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Spritzer,K
Spritzer,K
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sullivan,G;Spritzer,K

文献摘要

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在公立住院设施严格的入院政策背景下,严重精神疾病患者的逮捕率和监禁率一直在上升,导致人们认为严重精神疾病患者正被不适当地“定为犯罪”。本文描述了密西西比州患有SMI(N=177)的人的特征,他们(1)在等待医院病床时没有受到指控而被监禁,(2)因刑事犯罪而被监禁。在177名受试者中,75%(N=132)一生中至少有一次被关押在当地监狱等待州立医院入院,大多数被关押超过五天。15%(N=26)的人在过去一年中因刑事犯罪而与警方有过接触。居住在农村明显增加了在监狱等待的风险(OR=4.24),但与犯罪无关。任何类型的刑事司法接触的保护因素是女性性别、高加索种族、更好地遵守药物制度和非农村居住地。农村犯罪化现象,即在没有刑事指控的情况下在监狱中等待,与城市地区的犯罪化有本质的不同,可能需要不同的解决办法。为了避免将农村地区的自闭症患者定为刑事犯罪,公共精神卫生系统必须在社区中制定有效的危机干预措施,或者与当地执法人员和医疗和精神卫生机构合作,创造更多直接获得急性住院治疗的机会。
In the context of restrictive admissions policies at public inpatient facilities, rates of arrest and incarceration of persons with serious mental illness (SMI) have been increasing, leading to the perception that SMI persons are being unduly “criminalized.” This paper describes the characteristics of persons with SMI (N=177) in Mississippi who have been (1) jailed without charges while awaiting a hospital bed and (2) jailed for a criminal offense. Seventy‐five percent (N=132) of the 177 subjects had been held in local jails awaiting state hospital admission at least once in their lives, most for more than five days. Fifteen percent (N=26) had contact with the police for a criminal offense in the past year. Rural residence markedly increased the risk for waiting in jail (OR=4.24) but was not related to committing a criminal offense. Protective factors for any type of criminal justice contact were female gender, caucasian ethnicity, better compliance with medication regimes, and nonrural residence. The phenomenon of rural criminalization, i.e., waiting in jail without criminal charges, differs qualitatively from the criminalization that occurs in urban areas and may require a different solution. To avoid criminalization of SMI persons in rural areas, public mental health systems must develop effective crisis interventions in the community or work with local law enforcement officials and medical and mental health facilities to create more immediate access to acute inpatient care.
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