Pathophysiology of insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus.

Pathophysiology of insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus.
复制标题

糖尿病胰岛素分泌的病理生理学。

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4757-1850-8_9
复制
发表时间:
1985
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
PorteJr,D
PorteJr,D
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ward,WK;Beard,JC;Halter,JB;PorteJr,D

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

在正常人中,葡萄糖通过与胰岛素在反馈回路中的参与来调节基础胰岛素的分泌。此外,葡萄糖直接刺激胰岛素分泌,并增强胰岛素对非葡萄糖刺激的反应,如氨基酸、8-肾上腺素能刺激和胃肠激素。静脉注射精氨酸的急性胰岛素反应的最大血糖增强发生在大约葡萄糖水平。450 mg/dl。在非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)患者中,基础胰岛素水平通常被报告为正常,但如果血糖降至正常水平,则基础胰岛素水平明显不足。此外,几乎所有临床的NIDDM患者对静脉注射葡萄糖的第一时相(0-10分钟)胰岛素反应都不存在。相反,NIDDM患者的第二时相(10分钟)反应通常由于环境高血糖的维持而得以保留。同样,在NIDDM患者中,胰岛素对非葡萄糖刺激(如精氨酸)的反应通常是正常的,因为高血糖会增强胰岛素的反应。然而,当在多个匹配的血糖水平进行比较时,精氨酸对胰岛素的反应低于非糖尿病对照组。事实上,在NIDDM患者中,葡萄糖对精氨酸的胰岛素反应的最大增强作用明显低于正常,这表明功能B细胞分泌能力的丧失。在长期存在的胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(IDDM)患者中,基本的胰岛素分泌和对所有刺激的胰岛素反应几乎都是缺失的。然而,在缓解期或短期的IDDH中,基础胰岛素分泌和对非葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素反应可能相对保持不变。因此,胰岛功能障碍,虽然病因不同,但有一些共同的病理生理特征。
In normal man, glucose serves to regulate basal insulin secretion by its participation with insulin in a feedback loop. In addition, glucose stimulates insulin secretion directly and potentiates insulin responses to nonglucose stimuli such as amino acids, 8-adrenergic stimuli, and gut hormones. Maximal glycemic potentiation of the acute insulin response to IV arginine occurs at a glucose level of approx. 450 mg/dl.In patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), basal insulin levels have usually been reported as normal, but if plasma glucose is lowered to normal levels, a deficiency of basal insulin becomes apparent. In addition, the first phase (0-10 min) insulin response to IV glucose is absent in virtually all patients with overt NIDDM. In contrast, the second-phase (> 10 min) response is often preserved in NIDDM due to its maintenance by ambient hyperglycemia. Similarly, insulin responses to nonglucose stimuli such as arginine often appear normal in NIDDM because of potentiation by hyperglycemia. However, insulin responses to arginine are lower than those of nondiabetic controls when compared at multiple matched glucose levels. Indeed, maximal potentiation by glucose of the insulin response to arginine is markedly subnormal in NIDDM, suggesting a loss of functional B cell secretory capacity.In patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), basal insulin secretion and insulin responses to all stimuli are virtually absent. However, in a remission phase, or in IDDH of short duration, basal insulin secretion and insulin responses to nonglucose stimuli may be relatively preserved. Therefore, islet dysfunction in IDDH and NIDDH, while etiologically different, share some common pathophysiological features.
葡萄糖输注速度和剂量对人体急性胰岛素反应的影响。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1976
影响因子: 5.8
作者:
Mei Chen;D. Porte
通讯作者: D. Porte
DOI: 10.2337/diab.27.2.121
发表时间: 1978-01-01
期刊: DIABETES
影响因子: 7.7
作者:
FELIG, P;WAHREN, J;HENDLER, R
通讯作者: HENDLER, R
促胰液素刺激的人类胰岛素反应的研究。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1972
影响因子: 15.9
作者:
R. Lerner;D. Porte
通讯作者: D. Porte
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.1.2.83
发表时间: 1978-03
期刊: Diabetes Care
影响因子: 16.2
作者:
Louis Monnier;Pham Tc;L. Aguirre;A. Orsetti;J. Mirouze
通讯作者: Louis Monnier;Pham Tc;L. Aguirre;A. Orsetti;J. Mirouze
DOI: 10.1172/jci111542
发表时间: 1984-01-01
影响因子: 15.9
作者:
WARD, WK;BOLGIANO, DC;PORTE, D
通讯作者: PORTE, D