A chemical signal in human female tears lowers aggression in males.
A chemical signal in human female tears lowers aggression in males.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3002442
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发表时间：
2023-12
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Sobel, Noam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agron, Shani;de March, Claire A.;Weissgross, Reut;Mishor, Eva;Gorodisky, Lior;Weiss, Tali;Furman-Haran, Edna;Matsunami, Hiroaki;Sobel, Noam
啮齿动物的眼泪含有具有多种作用的社会化学信号，包括阻止雄性的攻击性。人类的眼泪还含有一种降低男性睾酮水平的化学信号，但其行为意义尚不清楚。由于睾丸激素减少与攻击性减少相关，因此我们测试了人类眼泪像啮齿动物眼泪一样阻止雄性攻击性的假设。使用标准行为范式，我们发现在没有气味感知的情况下嗅动情感眼泪可以将人类男性的攻击性降低 43.7%。为了探究这种效应的外周脑基质，我们在体外将眼泪应用于 62 个人类嗅觉受体。我们鉴定出 4 种受体对这种刺激有剂量依赖性反应。最后，为了探究这种效应的中枢大脑基质，我们在功能性脑成像的同时重复了该实验。我们发现，嗅眼泪增加了嗅觉和攻击性神经基质之间的功能连接，降低了后者神经活动的总体水平。总而言之，我们的结果表明，就像啮齿类动物一样，人类眼泪结合的化学信号会降低雄性的攻击性，这种机制可能依赖于嗅觉和攻击性的大脑基质的结构和功能重叠。我们认为，眼泪是哺乳动物的一种机制，可以提供化学毯子来防止攻击。啮齿动物的眼泪含有一种化学信号，可以减少同种动物的攻击性。这项研究表明，人类的眼泪同样含有一种化学信号，虽然无味，但可以在体外激活人类嗅觉受体，改变嗅觉-攻击性大脑网络中的神经活动，并降低男性的攻击性行为。
Rodent tears contain social chemosignals with diverse effects, including blocking male aggression. Human tears also contain a chemosignal that lowers male testosterone, but its behavioral significance was unclear. Because reduced testosterone is associated with reduced aggression, we tested the hypothesis that human tears act like rodent tears to block male aggression. Using a standard behavioral paradigm, we found that sniffing emotional tears with no odor percept reduced human male aggression by 43.7%. To probe the peripheral brain substrates of this effect, we applied tears to 62 human olfactory receptors in vitro. We identified 4 receptors that responded in a dose-dependent manner to this stimulus. Finally, to probe the central brain substrates of this effect, we repeated the experiment concurrent with functional brain imaging. We found that sniffing tears increased functional connectivity between the neural substrates of olfaction and aggression, reducing overall levels of neural activity in the latter. Taken together, our results imply that like in rodents, a human tear–bound chemosignal lowers male aggression, a mechanism that likely relies on the structural and functional overlap in the brain substrates of olfaction and aggression. We suggest that tears are a mammalian-wide mechanism that provides a chemical blanket protecting against aggression. Rodent tears contain a chemical signal that reduces aggression in conspecifics. This study shows that human tears similarly contain a chemical signal that, although odorless, activates human olfactory receptors in vitro, alters neural activity in an olfaction-aggression brain network, and lowers male aggressive behavior.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
da Cunha-Bang S;Fisher PM;Hjordt LV;Perfalk E;Persson Skibsted A;Bock C;Ohlhues Baandrup A;Deen M;Thomsen C;Sestoft DM;Knudsen GM
通讯作者：
Knudsen GM
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5.7
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通讯作者：
Smith, SM
影响因子：
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作者：
Haga, Sachiko;Hattori, Tatsuya;Touhara, Kazushige
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Feinberg DA;Moeller S;Smith SM;Auerbach E;Ramanna S;Gunther M;Glasser MF;Miller KL;Ugurbil K;Yacoub E
通讯作者：
Yacoub E
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
de Groot, Jasper H. B.;Smeets, Monique A. M.;Semin, Gun R.
通讯作者：
Semin, Gun R.