The cancellability test for conversational implicatures

The cancellability test for conversational implicatures
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会话含义的可取消性测试

DOI:
10.1111/phc3.12552
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发表时间:
--
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
J. Zakkou
J. Zakkou
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--
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作者:
J. Zakkou

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许多人追随格雷斯的想法,认为所有的会话含义都是可以取消的。而且,他们经常利用这种洞察力来测试会话含义。如果你想知道某件事是不是会话含义,测试已经有了,你应该问问自己,有问题的东西是不是可以取消的;如果你发现它不是可以取消的,你可以推断它不是会话含义。如果你发现它是可以取消的,你就可以推断它很可能是一种会话含义,你现在应该做进一步的测试。然而,许多哲学家和语言学家对这项测试提出了质疑。一些人认为,格赖斯的可撤销性主张受到反例的约束,测试是不可靠的。其他人则认为,尽管格赖斯的说法可以根据相关的例子进行辩护,但这项测试并不像人们希望的那样具有信息量。本文概述了最近关于可取消测试的讨论,并提出了前进的方向。
Many people follow Grice in thinking that all conversational implicatures are cancellable. And often enough, they use this insight as a test for conversational implicatures. If you want to find out whether something is a conversational implicature, the test has it, you should ask yourself whether the thing in question is cancellable; if you find that it is not cancellable, you can infer that it is not a conversational implicature. If you find that it is cancellable, you can infer that it might well be a conversational implicature and that you should now do further testing. Various philosophers and linguists have questioned the test however. Some have held that Grice's cancellability claim is subject to counterexamples and that the test is not reliable. Others have argued that even though Grice's claim can be defended against the examples in question, the test is not as informative as people have hoped. This article provides an overview of the recent discussion on the cancellability test and suggests a way forward.
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