Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Persistently Impacts Adult Neurobiology and Behavior.
Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Persistently Impacts Adult Neurobiology and Behavior.
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DOI：
10.1124/pr.115.012138
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
21.1
通讯作者：
Robinson DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crews FT;Vetreno RP;Broadwater MA;Robinson DL
青春期是身体和认知能力得到优化，社会技能得到巩固，性行为、青春期行为和额叶皮质功能成熟到成人水平的发育时期。与成年人相比，青少年对酒精也有独特的反应，对乙醇镇静剂运动反应不太敏感，这很可能导致酗酒和停电。人口研究发现，早期饮酒与酒精依赖、暴力和伤害的终生风险增加有关。大脑突触、髓鞘形成和神经回路在青春期成熟到成人水平，同时对行为后果的反思增加，冲动和寻求刺激减少。酗酒可能会改变人类的发育，但遗传学、同龄群体、家庭结构、早期生活经历的变化以及人类精神病理学的出现令研究感到困惑。由于青春期是常见的哺乳动物物种，酗酒的临床前模型提供了深入了解酒精对青少年发育的直接影响。这篇综述将人类的发现与基础科学研究联系起来，特别是成年期青少年饮酒神经生物学（NADIA）联盟的临床前研究。这些研究集中在青少年间歇性乙醇（AIE）（未成年人饮酒的一种模式）后神经生物学和行为的持续成人变化。NADIA研究和其他研究发现，AIE导致以下结果：成人饮酒，去抑制和社交焦虑增加;改变成人突触，认知和睡眠;减少成人神经发生，胆碱能和胆碱能神经元;增加神经免疫基因表达和基因表达的表观遗传修饰剂。这些影响中有许多是青少年特有的，在成人平行研究中没有发现。AIE可导致持续性的突触生理学、行为和对酒精的敏感性进入成年期。总之，这些发现支持了这样一个假设，即青少年酗酒会导致成人大脑的长期变化，增加成人精神病理学的风险，特别是酒精依赖。
Adolescence is a developmental period when physical and cognitive abilities are optimized, when social skills are consolidated, and when sexuality, adolescent behaviors, and frontal cortical functions mature to adult levels. Adolescents also have unique responses to alcohol compared with adults, being less sensitive to ethanol sedative–motor responses that most likely contribute to binge drinking and blackouts. Population studies find that an early age of drinking onset correlates with increased lifetime risks for the development of alcohol dependence, violence, and injuries. Brain synapses, myelination, and neural circuits mature in adolescence to adult levels in parallel with increased reflection on the consequence of actions and reduced impulsivity and thrill seeking. Alcohol binge drinking could alter human development, but variations in genetics, peer groups, family structure, early life experiences, and the emergence of psychopathology in humans confound studies. As adolescence is common to mammalian species, preclinical models of binge drinking provide insight into the direct impact of alcohol on adolescent development. This review relates human findings to basic science studies, particularly the preclinical studies of the Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood (NADIA) Consortium. These studies focus on persistent adult changes in neurobiology and behavior following adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE), a model of underage drinking. NADIA studies and others find that AIE results in the following: increases in adult alcohol drinking, disinhibition, and social anxiety; altered adult synapses, cognition, and sleep; reduced adult neurogenesis, cholinergic, and serotonergic neurons; and increased neuroimmune gene expression and epigenetic modifiers of gene expression. Many of these effects are specific to adolescents and not found in parallel adult studies. AIE can cause a persistence of adolescent-like synaptic physiology, behavior, and sensitivity to alcohol into adulthood. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that adolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting changes in the adult brain that increase risks of adult psychopathology, particularly for alcohol dependence.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Andersen, SL;Rutstein, M;Teicher, MH
通讯作者：
Teicher, MH
DOI：
10.1097/00004583-200301000-00017
发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Bauer, LO;Hesselbrock, VM
通讯作者：
Hesselbrock, VM
影响因子：
5
作者：
Badanich, Kimberly A.;Adler, Kristopher J.;Kirstein, Cheryl L.
通讯作者：
Kirstein, Cheryl L.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Asato, Miya R.;Sweeney, John A.;Luna, Beatriz
通讯作者：
Luna, Beatriz
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Berman, SM;Noble, EP;Ritchie, T
通讯作者：
Ritchie, T