Creative Expertise Is Associated With Transcending the Here and Now
Creative Expertise Is Associated With Transcending the Here and Now
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创意专业知识与超越此时此地相关
DOI：
10.1037/pspa0000148
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
D. Tamir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Meyer;Hal E. Hershfield;A. Waytz;Judith N. Mildner;D. Tamir
人类的想象力是有限的。随着情况在时间、地点、视角和可能性上变得更加遥远，它们也变得更加难以模拟。成功进行远端模拟的能力基础是什么？在这里，我们通过研究以超越这些限制而闻名的个体--创造性专家--来检验远端模拟背后的心理和神经机制。首先，两项行为研究证实，与创造力较低的个体相比，创造性专家确实能够成功地进行生动的远端模拟。在创造力的传统测量上的表现(研究1)和在创造性追求上的现实世界的成功(研究2)对应于跨越时间、空间、社会和假设领域的更生动的远端模拟。研究3使用神经成像来确定支持创造性专家模拟成功的神经机制。虽然创造性专家和控制组在模拟常见或近端事件时招募相同的神经机制(内侧前额叶皮质)，但创造性专家在模拟远端事件时优先使用不同的神经机制(默认网络的背内侧子系统)。此外，创造性专家显示，在这个网络中，静态的功能连接性更强，这表明他们可能准备在默认情况下参与这一机制。学习创造性的专业知识为我们提供了新的视角，让我们了解在精神上超越此时此刻的能力。
Human imagination is bounded. As situations become more distant in time, place, perspective, and likelihood, they also become more difficult to simulate. What underlies the ability to successfully engage in distal simulations? Here we examine the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying distal simulation by studying individuals known for transcending these limits: creative experts. First, 2 behavioral studies establish that creative experts indeed succeed at engaging in vivid distal simulations, compared to less creative individuals. Performance on a traditional measure of creativity (Study 1) and real-world success in creative pursuits (Study 2) corresponded with more vivid distal simulations across temporal, spatial, social, and hypothetical domains. Study 3 used neuroimaging to identify the neural mechanism supporting creative experts’ simulation success. Whereas creative experts and controls recruit the same neural mechanism (the medial prefrontal cortex) while simulating common or proximal events, creative experts preferentially engage a distinct neural mechanism (the dorsomedial subsystem of the default network) while simulating distal events. Moreover, creative experts showed greater functional connectivity within this network at rest, suggesting they may be prepared to engage this mechanism, by default. Studying creative expertise provides new insight into the ability to mentally transcend the here and now.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
Raichle, ME
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Bar-Anan, Yoav;Liberman, Nira;Algom, Daniel
通讯作者：
Algom, Daniel
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
Schacter, Daniel L.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Spunt, Robert P.;Kemmerer, David;Adolphs, Ralph
通讯作者：
Adolphs, Ralph