Regulation of cell wall-bound invertase in pepper leaves by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria type three effectors.
Regulation of cell wall-bound invertase in pepper leaves by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria type three effectors.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0051763
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sonnewald U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sonnewald S;Priller JP;Schuster J;Glickmann E;Hajirezaei MR;Siebig S;Mudgett MB;Sonnewald U
油菜黄单胞菌vesicatoria（Xcv）具有3型分泌系统（T3 SS）以将效应蛋白递送到其茄科宿主植物中。这些蛋白质参与抑制植物防御和重新编程植物代谢以促进细菌繁殖。越来越多的证据表明，己糖有助于防御反应。它们作为代谢过程的底物和作为代谢信号量来调节基因表达。特别是已经建议增加质外体己糖与蔗糖的比率以加强植物防御。这种转变是由细胞壁结合转化酶（cw-Inv）的活性引起的。我们研究了Xcv可能采用3型效应子（T3 E）蛋白来抑制感染过程中cw-Inv活性的可能性。事实上，辣椒叶片感染T3 SS缺陷XCV株表现出较高水平的cw-Inv mRNA和酶活性相对于XCV野生型感染的叶片。较高的cw-Inv活性被增加的己糖和mRNA丰度的发病相关基因PRQ。这些结果表明，Xcv抑制cw-Inv的活动在T3 SS依赖的方式，最有可能阻止糖介导的防御信号。为了鉴定调节cw-Inv活性的Xcv T3 E，用18个Xcv菌株进行筛选，每个菌株缺乏单独的T3 E。与Xcv野生型相比，7个Xcv T3 E缺失菌株引起cw-Inv活性的显著变化。其中，缺失xopB基因的Xcv（Xcv ΔxopB）引起cw-Inv活性最显著的增加。Xcv Δ xopB感染辣椒叶片后，xopB基因的缺失增加了PRQ基因的mRNA丰度，但对PAMP诱导的免疫标记Pti 5和Acre 31的mRNA丰度没有影响。在转基因烟草中诱导表达的XopB抑制Xcv介导的诱导cw-Inv活性在野生型植物中观察到，并导致严重的发育表型。总之，这些数据表明，XopB干扰植物中的cw-Inv活性，以抑制Xcv感染期间糖增强的防御反应。
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) possess a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins into its Solanaceous host plants. These proteins are involved in suppression of plant defense and in reprogramming of plant metabolism to favour bacterial propagation. There is increasing evidence that hexoses contribute to defense responses. They act as substrates for metabolic processes and as metabolic semaphores to regulate gene expression. Especially an increase in the apoplastic hexose-to-sucrose ratio has been suggested to strengthen plant defense. This shift is brought about by the activity of cell wall-bound invertase (cw-Inv). We examined the possibility that Xcv may employ type 3 effector (T3E) proteins to suppress cw-Inv activity during infection. Indeed, pepper leaves infected with a T3SS-deficient Xcv strain showed a higher level of cw-Inv mRNA and enzyme activity relative to Xcv wild type infected leaves. Higher cw-Inv activity was paralleled by an increase in hexoses and mRNA abundance for the pathogenesis-related gene PRQ. These results suggest that Xcv suppresses cw-Inv activity in a T3SS-dependent manner, most likely to prevent sugar-mediated defense signals. To identify Xcv T3Es that regulate cw-Inv activity, a screen was performed with eighteen Xcv strains, each deficient in an individual T3E. Seven Xcv T3E deletion strains caused a significant change in cw-Inv activity compared to Xcv wild type. Among them, Xcv lacking the xopB gene (Xcv ΔxopB) caused the most prominent increase in cw-Inv activity. Deletion of xopB increased the mRNA abundance of PRQ in Xcv ΔxopB-infected pepper leaves, but not of Pti5 and Acre31, two PAMP-triggered immunity markers. Inducible expression of XopB in transgenic tobacco inhibited Xcv-mediated induction of cw-Inv activity observed in wild type plants and resulted in severe developmental phenotypes. Together, these data suggest that XopB interferes with cw-Inv activity in planta to suppress sugar-enhanced defense responses during Xcv infection.
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