Chromosome Evolution in Connection with Repetitive Sequences and Epigenetics in Plants.

Chromosome Evolution in Connection with Repetitive Sequences and Epigenetics in Plants.
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植物中与重复序列和表观遗传学相关的染色体进化

DOI:
10.3390/genes8100290
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发表时间:
2017-10-24
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Gao WJ
Gao WJ
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li SF;Su T;Cheng GQ;Wang BX;Li X;Deng CL;Gao WJ

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染色体进化是进化生物学的一个基本方面。染色体的大小、结构和形状、数量的进化以及DNA组成的变化表明核基因组在染色体水平上具有高度的可塑性。重复DNA序列是每一种真核生物基因组的重要组成部分,特别是在植物中,被发现与植物染色体进化密切相关。不同类型的重复序列在染色体上有不同的分布模式。越来越多的证据表明,重复序列在植物染色体核型的形成中可能起着多种生殖作用。此外,最近我们对重复序列和植物染色体进化的理解的发展已经阐明了一系列表观遗传修饰的参与。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了最近关于植物染色体重复序列分布模式的证据,并强调了它们与植物染色体进化的潜在关联。我们还讨论了进化与染色体结构和重模式的表观遗传改变之间的可能联系,如异染色质形成、着丝粒功能和表观遗传相关的转座因子失活。
Chromosome evolution is a fundamental aspect of evolutionary biology. The evolution of chromosome size, structure and shape, number, and the change in DNA composition suggest the high plasticity of nuclear genomes at the chromosomal level. Repetitive DNA sequences, which represent a conspicuous fraction of every eukaryotic genome, particularly in plants, are found to be tightly linked with plant chromosome evolution. Different classes of repetitive sequences have distinct distribution patterns on the chromosomes. Mounting evidence shows that repetitive sequences may play multiple generative roles in shaping the chromosome karyotypes in plants. Furthermore, recent development in our understanding of the repetitive sequences and plant chromosome evolution has elucidated the involvement of a spectrum of epigenetic modification. In this review, we focused on the recent evidence relating to the distribution pattern of repetitive sequences in plant chromosomes and highlighted their potential relevance to chromosome evolution in plants. We also discussed the possible connections between evolution and epigenetic alterations in chromosome structure and repatterning, such as heterochromatin formation, centromere function, and epigenetic-associated transposable element inactivation.
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