Impact of elevated ozone concentration on yield of four Chinese rice cultivars under fully open-air field conditions
Impact of elevated ozone concentration on yield of four Chinese rice cultivars under fully open-air field conditions
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全露天条件下臭氧浓度升高对中国四个水稻品种产量的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.009
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发表时间：
2009-06
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Shi, Guangyao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kobayashi, Kazuhiko;Wang, Yulong;Yang, Lianxin;Pan, Shiting;Chen, Tao;Tang, Haoye;Liu, Gang;Zhu, Jianguo;Wang, Yunxia;Shi, Guangyao
臭氧是目前最重要的空气污染物，对世界大部分地区的农作物生长和产量产生负面影响，而水稻可以说是地球上最重要的粮食作物。虽然有限数量的基于圈养的研究考察了水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种之间对臭氧浓度增加的基因型差异，但迄今为止还没有在完全露天的田间条件下进行臭氧试验来解决这一问题。2007年，我们在中国江苏省江都县小集镇（119°42′0″E, 32°35′5″N）进行了世界上首次水稻自由空气浓缩（FACE）系统试验。在氮肥施用量为15gNm−2的条件下，在环境臭氧浓度或高于环境臭氧浓度（目标高于环境臭氧浓度50%）条件下生长4个中国水稻品种：乌粳15号（WJ15，自交系粳稻品种）、洋稻6号（YD6，自交系籼稻品种）、汕优63号（SY63，三系杂交稻品种）、两优培九（LYPJ，两系杂交稻品种）。臭氧增强强烈促进了WJ15和SY63的物候发育，分别提前4天和8 d成熟，而YD6和LYPJ仅提前1 d成熟。臭氧浓度升高使SY63和LYPJ的主叶数（约半叶）和成熟株高（约3-5cm）减少，而YD6和WJ15没有臭氧效应。在试验品种中，SY63和LYPJ在臭氧胁迫下的产量损失显著（分别为- 17.5%和- 15%），而WJ15和YD6则无反应。由于最大分蘖数和有效分蘖比均未发生变化，所有品种单位面积的穗数均未受臭氧影响。然而，SY63和LYPJ的每穗颖花数因臭氧暴露而显著降低，而WJ15和YD6的每穗颖花数未受影响。与此同时，臭氧暴露对灌浆小穗率和籽粒质量也有较小的影响。本试验结果表明，臭氧对不同水稻品种造成的产量损失不同，杂交品种（SY63和LYPJ）的产量损失大于自交系品种（WJ15和YD6），这可能是由于臭氧胁迫抑制了杂交品种的小穗形成。
Ozone is currently the most important air pollutant that negatively affects growth and yield of agricultural crops in most parts of the world, and rice is arguably the most important food crops on the planet. While a limited number of enclosure-based studies have examined the genotypic differences among rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in response to increasing ozone concentration, no ozone experiment has been conducted to date under fully open-air field conditions to address this issue. In 2007, we conducted an experiment for the first time in the world with rice using free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) system at Xiaoji town, Jiangdu County, Jiangsu Province, China (119° 42′0″E, 32° 35′5″N). Four Chinese rice cultivars: Wujing 15 (WJ15, inbred japonica cultivar), Yangdao 6 (YD6, inbred indica cultivar), Shanyou 63 (SY63, three-line hybrid rice cultivar), Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ, two-line hybrid rice cultivar), were grown at ambient or elevated (target at 50% above ambient) ozone concentration under nitrogen application rate of 15gNm−2. The ozone enhancement strongly accelerated phenologycal development of WJ15 and SY63, with maturity being reached by 4 and 8 days earlier, respectively, but only 1 day earlier for YD6 and LYPJ. Elevated ozone concentration reduced the number of mainstem leaves (ca. by half a leaf) and plant height at maturity (ca. by 3–5cm) of SY63 and LYPJ with no ozone effects detected in YD6 or WJ15. Among the cultivars tested, SY63 and LYPJ exhibited significant yield loss by exposure to ozone (−17.5%, −15%, respectively), while WJ15 and YD6 showed no responses. For all cultivars, no ozone effect was observed on panicle number per unit area as a result of no changes in both maximum tiller number or productive tiller ratio. However, the number of spikelets per panicle of SY63 and LYPJ showed a significant reduction due to ozone exposure, while those of WJ15 and YD6 remained unaffected. Meanwhile, ozone exposure also caused minor reductions in both filled spikelet percentage and individual grain mass. The results of this experiment indicated that yield loss due to ozone exposure differs among rice cultivars with hybrid cultivars (i.e., SY63 and LYPJ) exhibiting greater yield loss than inbred cultivars (i.e., WJ15 and YD6), which could be attributed to the suppression of spikelet formation in the hybrid cultivars under ozone stress.
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DOI：
10.1016/0167-8809(94)00560-2
发表时间：
1995-03
期刊：
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
K. Kobayashi;M. Okada
通讯作者：
K. Kobayashi;M. Okada
DOI：
10.1016/0167-8809(85)90088-x
发表时间：
1985-11
期刊：
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Kats;P. Dawson;A. Bytnerowicz;J. Wolf;C. Thompson;D. Olszyk
通讯作者：
G. Kats;P. Dawson;A. Bytnerowicz;J. Wolf;C. Thompson;D. Olszyk
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Yue
通讯作者：
B. Yue
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006-07
期刊：
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lian-xin Yang;Yulong Wang;Jian-ye Huang;Hongjian Yang;Hongjiang Liu
通讯作者：
Lian-xin Yang;Yulong Wang;Jian-ye Huang;Hongjian Yang;Hongjiang Liu
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2008-04
期刊：
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lian-xin Yang;Yu-long Wang;Guang-yao Shi;Yun-xia Wang;Jianguo Zhu
通讯作者：
Lian-xin Yang;Yu-long Wang;Guang-yao Shi;Yun-xia Wang;Jianguo Zhu