Polymorphism and evolution of influenza A virus genes.
Polymorphism and evolution of influenza A virus genes.
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甲型流感病毒基因多态性和进化。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040381
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
M. Nei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Saitou;M. Nei
对从不同地区和不同年代分离的大量甲型流感病毒株的4个基因（非结构蛋白、基质蛋白、血凝素和神经氨酸酶的几个亚型）的核苷酸序列进行了汇编，并对序列的进化关系进行了研究。结果表明，所有这些基因或亚型是高度多态性的，多态性序列（等位基因）是受人口的快速周转，他们的平均年龄远低于高等生物。系统发育分析表明，大多数多态性序列的亚型或基因内出现在过去的80年，而血凝素基因的亚型之间的分歧可能已经发生在过去的300年。这种RNA病毒的高度多态性是由极高的突变率引起的，估计为0.01/核苷酸位点/年。尽管突变率很高，但大多数流感病毒基因显然受到纯化选择的影响，核苷酸替换率大大低于突变率。不同基因之间的替换率有相当大的差异，非人病毒株的替换率似乎低于人病毒株。这种差异可能是某些病毒株中所谓的冷冻效应的原因。
The nucleotide sequences of four genes of the influenza A virus (nonstructural protein, matrix protein, and a few subtypes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) are compiled for a large number of strains isolated from various locations and years, and the evolutionary relationship of the sequences is investigated. It is shown that all of these genes or subtypes are highly polymorphic and that the polymorphic sequences (alleles) are subject to rapid turnover in the population, their average age being much less than that of higher organisms. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that most polymorphic sequences within a subtype or a gene appeared during the last 80 years and that the divergence among the subtypes of hemagglutinin genes might have occurred during the last 300 years. The high degree of polymorphism in this RNA virus is caused by an extremely high rate of mutation, estimated to be 0.01/nucleotide site/year. Despite the high rate of mutation, most influenza virus genes are apparently subject to purifying selection, and the rate of nucleotide substitution is substantially lower than the mutation rate. There is considerable variation in the substitution rate among different genes, and the rate seems to be lower in nonhuman viral strains than in human strains. The difference might be responsible for the so-called freezing effect in some viral strains.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
HOLLAND, J;SPINDLER, K;VANDEPOL, S
通讯作者：
VANDEPOL, S
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
M. Baez;R. Taussig;J. Zazra;J. F. Young;P. Palese;A. Reisfeld;A. Skalka
通讯作者：
M. Baez;R. Taussig;J. Zazra;J. F. Young;P. Palese;A. Reisfeld;A. Skalka