Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Autoimmune Diseases.

Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Autoimmune Diseases.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2021.749192
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Rui K
Rui K
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shen Z;Huang W;Liu J;Tian J;Wang S;Rui K

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近年来,间充质干细胞(MSC)的免疫抑制特性已在炎症和自身免疫性疾病的临床前研究和试验中得到证实。新的证据表明,间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用主要归因于旁分泌途径。作为关键的旁分泌效应器之一,间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体(MSC-EXO)是直径为 30-200 nm 的小囊泡,通过携带来自亲代细胞的生物活性物质,在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。最近的研究支持这一发现,MSC-EXO对参与先天性和适应性免疫反应的不同效应细胞具有明显的抑制作用。此外,自身免疫性疾病的治疗也取得了实质性进展,包括多发性硬化症(MS)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、1型糖尿病(T1DM)、葡萄膜炎、类风湿性关节炎(RA)和炎症性肠病(IBD)。 MSC-EXO 能够复制 MSC 功能并克服传统细胞疗法的局限性。因此,使用MSC-EXO代替MSC来治疗自身免疫性疾病似乎是一种有前途的无细胞治疗策略。在这篇综述中,我们回顾了目前对 MSC-EXO 的认识,并讨论了 MSC-EXO 对免疫细胞的调节作用及其在自身免疫性疾病中的潜在应用。
Recent years, the immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated in preclinical studies and trials of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs is primarily attributed to the paracrine pathway. As one of the key paracrine effectors, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) are small vesicles 30-200 nm in diameter that play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by carrying bioactive substances from parental cells. Recent studies support the finding that MSC-EXOs have an obvious inhibitory effect toward different effector cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune response. Moreover, substantial progress has been made in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type-1 diabetes (T1DM), uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MSC-EXOs are capable of reproducing MSC function and overcoming the limitations of traditional cell therapy. Therefore, using MSC-EXOs instead of MSCs to treat autoimmune diseases appears to be a promising cell-free treatment strategy. In this review, we review the current understanding of MSC-EXOs and discuss the regulatory role of MSC-EXOs on immune cells and its potential application in autoimmune diseases.
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