Abstinence-related expectancies predict smoking withdrawal effects: implications for possible causal mechanisms.
Abstinence-related expectancies predict smoking withdrawal effects: implications for possible causal mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-013-3169-7
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Leventhal, Adam M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hendricks, Peter S.;Leventhal, Adam M.
尽管几十年来，主要的成瘾模型一直强调戒断，但驱动吸烟戒断效应的因果机制并不为人所知。知识基础上的这一差距阻碍了吸烟依赖的理论和治疗发展。由于认知因素在很大程度上被忽视为戒断的预测因素，目前的研究试图研究吸烟者的戒烟相关预期与戒断心理学的关系。成年吸烟者（N=180; ≥10支烟/天）参加了两个平衡实验阶段，包括16小时的戒烟或照常吸烟。在基线时，参与者完成了戒烟问卷的三个戒烟相关量表（戒断，乐观结果和体重增加量表），这是吸烟者戒烟相关预期的自我报告测量。在实验过程中，参与者完成了一些涵盖吸烟戒断效应范围的仪器（即，消极情绪、吸烟的冲动/渴望、积极情绪减少、注意力难以集中、饥饿和生理症状）。即使在控制了人口统计学特征和香烟依赖的影响后，吸烟者的戒烟相关预期也是戒烟引起的各种戒断症状变化的有意义的预测因素（平均校正标准化β=0.22）。对戒断和体重增加的预期越强，戒断效应越严重，而对乐观结果的预期越强，戒断效应越不严重。这些发现与期望积极塑造未来经验的观点一致，并且首次支持吸烟者的戒烟相关期望可能是戒断症状的原因。未来的研究需要更有说服力地确定是否禁欲相关的期望模具撤出的影响。
Despite the decades-long emphasis on withdrawal in leading models of addiction, the causal mechanisms driving smoking withdrawal effects are not well known. This gap in the knowledge base has stalled theory and treatment development for smoking dependence. As cognitive factors have been largely neglected as predictors of withdrawal, the current study sought to examine how smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies relate to withdrawal symptomatology. Adult smokers (N=180; ≥10 cigarettes/day) participated in two counterbalanced experimental sessions involving either 16 h of abstinence or smoking as usual. At baseline, participants completed three withdrawal-related scales of the Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire (Withdrawal, Optimistic Outcomes, and Weight Gain scales), a self-report measure of smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies. During experimental sessions, participants completed a number of instruments that covered the range of smoking withdrawal effects (i.e., negative affect, urge/craving to smoke, diminished positive affect, concentration difficulty, hunger, and physiological symptoms). Even after controlling for the influence of demographic characteristics and cigarette dependence, smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies were meaningful predictors of abstinence-induced changes in various withdrawal symptoms (mean adjusted standardized β=0.22). Stronger expectancies for withdrawal and weight gain predicted more severe withdrawal effects, whereas stronger expectancies for optimistic outcomes predicted less severe withdrawal effects. These findings are consistent with the notion that expectancies actively shape future experience and are the first to support the suggestion that smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies may be causal agents of withdrawal symptomatology. Future research is required to more conclusively determine whether abstinence-related expectancies mold withdrawal effects.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Bowman, Nicholas A.
通讯作者：
Bowman, Nicholas A.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Harrell, Paul T.;Juliano, Laura M.
通讯作者：
Juliano, Laura M.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Hendricks, Peter S.;Westmaas, J. Lee;Hall, Sharon M.
通讯作者：
Hall, Sharon M.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Kaptchuk TJ;Friedlander E;Kelley JM;Sanchez MN;Kokkotou E;Singer JP;Kowalczykowski M;Miller FG;Kirsch I;Lembo AJ
通讯作者：
Lembo AJ
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
KENFORD, SL;FIORE, MC;BAKER, TB
通讯作者：
BAKER, TB