Amphibian mucus triggers a developmental transition in the frog-killing chytrid fungus
Amphibian mucus triggers a developmental transition in the frog-killing chytrid fungus
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两栖动物粘液触发杀死青蛙的壶菌的发育转变
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.006
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robinson, Kristyn A.;Prostak, Sarah M.;Campbell Grant, Evan H.;Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K.
杀死青蛙的壶菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobavirus）（Bd）正在毁灭世界各地的两栖动物种群。1 - 4 Bd具有双相生命周期，在水生环境中分散的活动游动孢子和在两栖动物粘液覆盖的皮肤内生长的无柄孢子囊之间交替。5，游动孢子没有细胞壁，利用后鞭毛在水生环境中快速游动，并利用类似肌动蛋白的结构在固体表面爬行。7，8B通过吸收鞭毛，重新排列肌动蛋白细胞骨架，并迅速建立以几丁质为基础的细胞壁--一个称为“包囊化”的过程，从这种能动的分散形式转变为生殖形式。“5- 7所产生的孢子囊体积增加两到三个数量级，同时经历多轮有丝分裂而没有胞质分裂，形成一个大的ceonocyte。然后孢子囊细胞化，将其细胞质分裂成几十个新的游动孢子。在通过放电管离开孢子囊到两栖动物皮肤上后，子游动孢子可以再次感染同一个体或找到新的宿主。5虽然包囊对BD生长至关重要，但这种发育转变是否以及如何由外部信号触发以前是未知的。我们发现，暴露于两栖类粘液会在几分钟内触发快速和可重复的包囊形成。这种反应可以用纯化的粘蛋白（粘液的主要成分）重现，但不能用类似粘性的甲基纤维素或单糖重现。粘蛋白诱导的包囊形成不需要基因表达，但需要表面粘附、钙信号和肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调节。粘液诱导的包囊形成可能是Bd发育与到达宿主同步的关键机制。
The frog-killing chytrid fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd) is decimating amphibian populations around the world.1–4Bdhas a biphasic life cycle, alternating between motile zoospores that disperse within aquatic environments and sessile sporangia that grow within the mucus-coated skin of amphibians.5,6Zoospores lack cell walls and swim rapidly through aquatic environments using a posterior flagellum and crawl across solid surfaces using actin structures similar to those of human cells.7,8Bdtransitions from this motile dispersal form to its reproductive form by absorbing its flagellum, rearranging its actin cytoskeleton, and rapidly building a chitin-based cell wall—a process called "encystation."5–7The resulting sporangium increases in volume by two or three orders of magnitude while undergoing rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis to form a large ceonocyte. The sporangium then cellurizes by dividing its cytoplasm into dozens of new zoospores. After exiting the sporangium through a discharge tube onto the amphibian skin, daughter zoospores can then reinfect the same individual or find a new host.5Although encystation is critical toBdgrowth, whether and how this developmental transition is triggered by external signals was previously unknown. We discovered that exposure to amphibian mucus triggers rapid and reproducible encystation within minutes. This response can be recapitulated with purified mucin, the bulk component of mucus, but not by similarly viscous methylcellulose or simple sugars. Mucin-induced encystation does not require gene expression but does require surface adhesion, calcium signaling, and modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Mucus-induced encystation may represent a key mechanism for synchronizingBddevelopment with the arrival at the host.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Berger, L;Hyatt, AD;Longcore, JE
通讯作者：
Longcore, JE
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Piotrowski, JS;Annis, SL;Longcore, JE
通讯作者：
Longcore, JE
DOI：
10.1165/ajrcmb/7.6.557
发表时间：
1992-12-01
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
GUM, JR
通讯作者：
GUM, JR
囊枝菌游动孢子萌发过程中核糖核酸的再激活和蛋白质合成以及核糖体核帽的作用
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
J. S. Lovett
通讯作者：
J. S. Lovett
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0804173105
发表时间：
2008-11-04
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Rosenblum, Erica Bree;Stajich, Jason E.;Eisen, Michael B.
通讯作者：
Eisen, Michael B.