Independent Circulation of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in Their Respective Sandfly Vectors for Transmission of Zoonotic and Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Co-Existing in a Mixed Focus of Central Tunisia.
Independent Circulation of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in Their Respective Sandfly Vectors for Transmission of Zoonotic and Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Co-Existing in a Mixed Focus of Central Tunisia.
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DOI：
10.3390/pathogens11080855
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发表时间：
2022-07-29
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影响因子：
--
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已知人畜共患皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）和慢性皮肤利什曼病（CCL）在突尼斯中部重叠。在2017年7月至10月期间，2018年和2019年，在村庄周围的交错带，房屋和动物收容所的啮齿动物洞穴中使用粘性陷阱和CDC光陷阱收集白蛉。在三个白蛉季节共收集了17，175只白蛉，并从形态学上鉴定到物种水平。在突尼斯报告的18种白蛉中，有16种在ZCL和CCL的混合焦点中被确定。除石山区外，所有生境中白蛉种类最多。白蛉属白蛉。通过PCR测试雌性白蛉是否存在利什曼原虫属物种。白蛉的主要利什曼原虫和热带利什曼原虫的总感染率分别为0.42%和0.065%。PCR扩增ITS1产物的测序结果表明，L.各生境中优势种为大白蛉，主要由帕帕热带利什曼原虫检测到在Phlebotomus sergenti和Phlebotomus longicuspis收集在卧室和岩石山区的过渡带。我们的研究结果提供了强有力的证据表明，人类住区接近啮齿动物水库宿主的生境。主要和L.热带地区导致两种利什曼原虫的共循环，导致ZCL和CCL的混合焦点。由于白蛉媒介及其相关利什曼原虫物种的高度多样性，北非利什曼病的流行病学非常复杂，导致皮肤利什曼病的混合形式。指出从农村向城市地区蔓延导致皮肤利什曼病人类化的风险具有重要的流行病学意义。因此，迫切需要有效控制以减少白蛉媒介的室内丰度，从而降低利什曼病的发病率。
Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL) are known to overlap in Central Tunisia. Sandflies were collected using sticky traps and CDC light-traps set in rodent burrows at the ecotones surrounding the village, in houses, and in animal shelters during July–October 2017, 2018, and 2019. A total of 17,175 sandflies were collected during the three sandfly seasons and identified morphologically to species level. Of a total of 18 sandfly species reported in Tunisia, 16 were identified in this mixed focus of ZCL and CCL. Except for the rocky mountainous areas, Phlebotomus papatasi was the most abundant sandfly species in all biotopes. In the mountainous areas, Phlebotomus sergenti is the most abundant sandfly species belonging to the genus Phlebotomus. Female sandflies were tested for the presence of Leishmania species by PCR. The overall infection prevalence of sandflies with Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica was 0.42% and 0.065%, respectively. The sequencing of PCR-amplified ITS1 products showed that L. major is the predominant species in all biotopes and transmitted mostly by P. papaptasi followed by Phlebotomus longicuspis and Sergentomyia species. Leishmania tropica was detected in Phlebotomus sergenti and in Phlebotomus longicuspis collected in bedrooms and in the ecotone of rocky mountainous areas. Our results provided strong evidence that the proximity of human settlements to biotopes of rodent reservoir hosts of L. major and of L. tropica resulted into the cocirculation of both Leishmania species leading to a mixed focus of ZCL and CCL. The epidemiology of leishmaniases in North Africa is highly complex by the high diversity of sandfly vectors and their associated Leishmania species, leading to a mixed form of cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is of major epidemiological importance to point to the risk of spillover from rural to urban areas leading to the anthroponization of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, efficient control to reduce the indoor abundance of sandfly vectors in order to reduce the incidence of leishmaniases is urgently needed.
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