Regulation and repurposing of nutrient sensing and autophagy in innate immunity.

Regulation and repurposing of nutrient sensing and autophagy in innate immunity.
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DOI:
10.1080/15548627.2020.1783119
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
影响因子:
13.3
通讯作者:
Shenoy AR
Shenoy AR
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sanchez-Garrido J;Shenoy AR

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营养素不仅作为积木,而且作为信号分子。营养素可利用性促进细胞生长和增殖,并抑制分解代谢过程,如巨自噬/自噬。这些作用是由检查点激酶介导的,例如MTOR(雷帕霉素激酶的机制靶点),其由氨基酸和生长因子激活,以及AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK),其由低水平的葡萄糖或ATP激活。这些激酶具有广泛的活性,在暴露于危险信号、细胞因子或病原体时可以被免疫细胞吸收。在这里,我们讨论了最近的洞察力的监管和再利用的营养感应反应的先天免疫系统在感染。此外,我们研究了自然突变和病原体介导的干预如何改变合成代谢和自噬途径之间的平衡,导致组织稳态和/或宿主防御的崩溃。缩略语:AKT1/PKB:AKT丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1; ATG:自噬相关; BECN 1:beclin 1; CGAS:环GMP-AMP合酶; EIF 2AK 4/GCN 2:真核翻译起始因子2 α激酶4; ER:内质网; FFAR:游离脂肪酸受体; GABARAP:GABA A型受体相关蛋白; IFN:干扰素; IL:白细胞介素; GABARAP:LC 3相关吞噬作用; MAP 1 LC 3B/LC 3B:微管相关蛋白1轻链3 β; MAP 3 K7/TAK 1:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶7; MAPK:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶; MTOR:雷帕霉素激酶的机制靶点; NLR:NOD PI 3 K,磷酸肌醇3-激酶; PRR:模式识别受体; PtdIns3K:磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶; RALB:RAS样原癌基因B; RHEB:Ras同源物,MTORC 1结合; RIPK 1:受体相互作用丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1; RRAG:Ras相关GTP结合; SQSTM 1/p62:隔离体1; STING 1/TMEM 173:干扰素应答刺激因子cGAMP相互作用因子1; STK 11/LKB 1:丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶11; TBK 1:TANK结合激酶1; TLR:toll样受体; TNF:肿瘤坏死因子; TRAF 6:TNF受体相关因子6; TRIM:三重基序蛋白; ULK 1:unc-51样自噬激活激酶1; V-ATP酶:空泡型H+质子转运ATP酶。
Nutrients not only act as building blocks but also as signaling molecules. Nutrient-availability promotes cell growth and proliferation and suppresses catabolic processes, such as macroautophagy/autophagy. These effects are mediated by checkpoint kinases such as MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), which is activated by amino acids and growth factors, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is activated by low levels of glucose or ATP. These kinases have wide-ranging activities that can be co-opted by immune cells upon exposure to danger signals, cytokines or pathogens. Here, we discuss recent insight into the regulation and repurposing of nutrient-sensing responses by the innate immune system during infection. Moreover, we examine how natural mutations and pathogen-mediated interventions can alter the balance between anabolic and autophagic pathways leading to a breakdown in tissue homeostasis and/or host defense. Abbreviations: AKT1/PKB: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; EIF2AK4/GCN2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FFAR: free fatty acid receptor; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP3K7/TAK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NLR: NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) and leucine-rich repeat containing proteins; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PRR: pattern-recognition receptor; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RALB: RAS like proto-oncogene B; RHEB: Ras homolog, MTORC1 binding; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RRAG: Ras related GTP binding; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STING1/TMEM173: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TLR: toll like receptor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TRIM: tripartite motif protein; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-proton-translocating ATPase.
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