Secondary bacterial infections in influenza virus infection pathogenesis.
Secondary bacterial infections in influenza virus infection pathogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1007/82_2014_394
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McCullers JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith AM;McCullers JA
流行性感冒通常并发于细菌病原体，这些细菌病原体定殖于鼻咽并侵入中耳和/或肺上皮。流感-细菌混合感染的发病率和致病性是多因素的过程，涉及各种致病性毒力因子和宿主反应，具有明显的位点特异性和菌株特异性差异。动物模型和动力学模型提高了我们对流感病毒如何与其细菌共病原体相互作用以及伴随的免疫反应的理解。来自这些模型的数据表明，上皮表面的相当大的改变和异常的免疫反应导致严重的炎症，这是流感后细菌获得和感染严重性的关键驱动因素。然而，进一步的实验和分析研究对于确定不同病毒和细菌菌株和物种的完整机制谱以及寻找预防和治疗流感相关细菌合并感染的新方法至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了流感相关细菌感染的传播和疾病潜力的最新进展，并讨论了目前的知识差距。
Influenza is often complicated by bacterial pathogens that colonize the nasopharynx and invade the middle ear and/or lung epithelium. Incidence and pathogenicity of influenza-bacterial coinfections are multifactorial processes that involve various pathogenic virulence factors and host responses with distinct site- and strain-specific differences. Animal models and kinetic models have improved our understanding of how influenza viruses interact with their bacterial co-pathogens and the accompanying immune responses. Data from these models indicate that considerable alterations in epithelial surfaces and aberrant immune responses lead to severe inflammation, a key driver of bacterial acquisition and infection severity following influenza. However, further experimental and analytical studies are essential to determining the full mechanistic spectrum of different viral and bacterial strains and species and to finding new ways to prevent and treat influenza-associated bacterial coinfections. Here, we review recent advances regarding transmission and disease potential of influenza-associated bacterial infections and discuss the current gaps in knowledge.
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