Winners, Losers, Insiders, and Outsiders: Comparing Hierometer and Sociometer Theories of Self-Regard

Winners, Losers, Insiders, and Outsiders: Comparing Hierometer and Sociometer Theories of Self-Regard
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赢家、输家、局内人和局外人:比较自尊测量理论和社会测量理论

DOI:
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Wendy de Waal
Wendy de Waal
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nikhila Mahadevan;A. Gregg;C. Sedikides;Wendy de Waal

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自尊有什么进化功能?这里介绍的层级理论提供了一个答案:它帮助个人驾驭地位层级,这是一场零和竞赛,可能输也可能赢。特别是,自我关注跟踪社会地位,以调节行为的自信,增加或减少它,以优化在这种比赛中的表现。层级理论也提供了一个概念上的对应点,有助于解决社会计量理论中的模糊性,社会计量理论提供了一个自我关注进化功能的补充解释。在两项大规模的横断面研究中,我们在三个不同的分析层次上操作了理论上相关的变量,即社会(关系:地位,包容),心理(自尊:自尊,自恋)和行为(策略:自信,亲和)。相关性和中介分析一贯支持hierometer理论,但只提供混合支持sociometer理论,包括控制混杂结构(焦虑,抑郁)。我们解释我们的结果在一个更广泛的机构共融框架。
What evolutionary function does self-regard serve? Hierometer theory, introduced here, provides one answer: it helps individuals navigate status hierarchies, which feature zero-sum contests that can be lost as well as won. In particular, self-regard tracks social status to regulate behavioral assertiveness, augmenting or diminishing it to optimize performance in such contests. Hierometer theory also offers a conceptual counterpoint that helps resolve ambiguities in sociometer theory, which offers a complementary account of self-regard’s evolutionary function. In two large-scale cross-sectional studies, we operationalized theoretically relevant variables at three distinct levels of analysis, namely, social (relations: status, inclusion), psychological (self-regard: self-esteem, narcissism), and behavioral (strategy: assertiveness, affiliativeness). Correlational and mediational analyses consistently supported hierometer theory, but offered only mixed support for sociometer theory, including when controlling for confounding constructs (anxiety, depression). We interpret our results in terms of a broader agency-communion framework.
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