Neural Advantages of Older Musicians Involve the Cerebellum: Implications for Healthy Aging Through Lifelong Musical Instrument Training.
Neural Advantages of Older Musicians Involve the Cerebellum: Implications for Healthy Aging Through Lifelong Musical Instrument Training.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2021.784026
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sekiyama K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamashita M;Ohsawa C;Suzuki M;Guo X;Sadakata M;Otsuka Y;Asano K;Abe N;Sekiyama K
本研究比较了30名年龄较大的音乐家和30名年龄匹配的非音乐家，以调查终身乐器训练与年龄相关的认知能力下降和脑萎缩之间的关系（音乐家：平均年龄70.8岁，音乐经验52.7岁；非音乐家：平均年龄71.4岁，音乐经验不少于3年）。尽管先前的研究表明，年轻音乐家的听觉运动皮层和小脑的灰质体积（GMV）比非音乐家大，但对老年音乐家的情况知之甚少。年轻音乐家的音乐意象也被认为与音乐表演共享一个神经基础[边缘上回（SMG）和小脑]。因此，我们假设年长的音乐家在上述某些大脑区域比非音乐家表现出优越性。对两组的行为表现、GMV和大脑活动，包括旋律工作记忆（MWM）任务中的功能连接（FC）进行了评估。在行为上，音乐家表现出比非音乐家更高的敲击速度，并且敲击速度与音乐家的执行功能相关。结构分析显示音乐家小脑两侧的gmv更大，重要的是，这种情况一直保持到很老。与任务相关的FC分析显示，音乐家拥有更多的小脑-海马体FC，这与敲击速度相关。此外，音乐家在MWM任务中表现出更高的SMG激活；这与较早开始进行乐器训练有关。这些结果表明，音乐家大脑中与音乐表演和图像相关的区域具有优势或高度耦合。我们认为，终身器乐训练对老年小脑的结构维护和相关的认知维护具有高度的预测作用。
This study compared 30 older musicians and 30 age-matched non-musicians to investigate the association between lifelong musical instrument training and age-related cognitive decline and brain atrophy (musicians: mean age 70.8 years, musical experience 52.7 years; non-musicians: mean age 71.4 years, no or less than 3 years of musical experience). Although previous research has demonstrated that young musicians have larger gray matter volume (GMV) in the auditory-motor cortices and cerebellum than non-musicians, little is known about older musicians. Music imagery in young musicians is also known to share a neural underpinning [the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and cerebellum] with music performance. Thus, we hypothesized that older musicians would show superiority to non-musicians in some of the abovementioned brain regions. Behavioral performance, GMV, and brain activity, including functional connectivity (FC) during melodic working memory (MWM) tasks, were evaluated in both groups. Behaviorally, musicians exhibited a much higher tapping speed than non-musicians, and tapping speed was correlated with executive function in musicians. Structural analyses revealed larger GMVs in both sides of the cerebellum of musicians, and importantly, this was maintained until very old age. Task-related FC analyses revealed that musicians possessed greater cerebellar-hippocampal FC, which was correlated with tapping speed. Furthermore, musicians showed higher activation in the SMG during MWM tasks; this was correlated with earlier commencement of instrumental training. These results indicate advantages or heightened coupling in brain regions associated with music performance and imagery in musicians. We suggest that lifelong instrumental training highly predicts the structural maintenance of the cerebellum and related cognitive maintenance in old age.
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DOI：
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