Identification and characterization of microRNAs and endogenous siRNAs in Schistosoma japonicum.
Identification and characterization of microRNAs and endogenous siRNAs in Schistosoma japonicum.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-11-55
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发表时间：
2010-01-21
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Chen Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hao L;Cai P;Jiang N;Wang H;Chen Q
小的内源性非编码RNA (sncRNAs)，如小干扰RNA （siRNA）、microRNA和其他小RNA转录物，来源于基因组的不同位点，在植物和后生动物RNA介导的基因沉默机制中发挥关键作用。它们大约有22个核苷酸长；通过与靶标的完全或不完全匹配来调节mRNA的稳定性。sncrna的生物学活性与许多生物学事件有关，从对微生物感染的抗性到细胞分化。人畜共患寄生虫日本血吸虫的发育经历了形态改变和生物学分化的多个阶段，为小rna的功能研究提供了独特的模型。表征sncRNAs的全基因组转录将是了解寄生虫生物学的重要一步。本研究的目的是探讨小分子非编码rna在日本血吸虫发育过程中的转录谱和潜在功能。内源性sirna主要来源于转座因子（TE）或转座子和天然反义转录物（NAT）。与其他生物相比，日本血吸虫te衍生的sirna比其他sncRNAs（包括microRNAs）更占优势。此外，sncrna存在明显的长度和3'端变异，这与寄生虫的发育分化有关。在鉴定的miRNA转录本中，有38个为日本血吸虫所特有，16个属于其他后生动物谱系共有的13个miRNA家族。这些mirna要么普遍表达，要么表现出与发育阶段或性别相关的特定表达模式。编码miRNAs的基因主要集中在日本血吸虫基因组中。然而，一个基因簇内的基因转录可能存在差异，这表明在寄生虫发育过程中，个体基因可能受到不同机制的调控。在日本血吸虫中鉴定出许多miRNA和内源性siRNA转录本，在血吸虫期和成虫期，siRNA的数量分别是miRNA的至少4.4倍和1.6倍。sirna主要来源于转座因子（或转座子）；而天然反义转录物（NAT）衍生的sirna则少得多。在寄生虫中发现的大多数miRNA转录物具有物种特异性，并且发现某些miRNA的表达受发育调节。miRNA和sirna都是血吸虫寄生虫发育过程中潜在的重要调节因子。
Small endogenous non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA and other small RNA transcripts are derived from distinct loci in the genome and play critical roles in RNA-mediated gene silencing mechanisms in plants and metazoa. They are approximately 22 nucleotides long; regulate mRNA stability through perfect or imperfect match to the targets. The biological activities of sncRNAs have been related to many biological events, from resistance to microbe infections to cellular differentiation. The development of the zoonotic parasite Schistosoma japonicum parasite includes multiple steps of morphological alterations and biological differentiations, which provide a unique model for studies on the functions of small RNAs. Characterization of the genome-wide transcription of the sncRNAs will be a major step in understanding of the parasite biology. The objective of this study is to investigate the transcriptional profile and potential function of the small non-coding RNAs in the development of S. japanicum. The endogenous siRNAs were found mainly derived from transposable elements (TE) or transposons and the natural antisense transcripts (NAT). In contrast to other organisms, the TE-derived siRNAs in S. japonicum were more predominant than other sncRNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs). Further, there were distinct length and 3'end variations in the sncRNAs, which were associated with the developmental differentiation of the parasite. Among the identified miRNA transcripts, there were 38 unique to S. japonicum and 16 that belonged to 13 miRNA families are common to other metazoan lineages. These miRNAs were either ubiquitously expressed, or they exhibited specific expression patterns related to the developmental stages or sex. Genes that encoded miRNAs are mainly located in clusters within the genome of S. japonicum. However, genes within one cluster could be differentially transcribed, which suggested that individual genes might be regulated by distinct mechanisms during parasite development. Many miRNA and endogenous siRNA transcripts were identified in S. japonicum and the amount of siRNA was at least 4.4 and 1.6 times more than that of miRNA in both schistosomulum and adult worm stages respectively. SiRNAs are mainly derived from transposable elements (or transposons); while natural antisense transcripts (NAT)-derived siRNAs were much less. A majority of miRNA transcripts identified in the parasite were species-specific and the expression of certain miRNAs was found developmentally regulated. Both miRNA and siRNAs are potentially important regulators in the development of schistosomal parasites.
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