Optimizing the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization.

Optimizing the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization.
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DOI:
10.1038/nchem.1246
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发表时间:
2012-01-22
期刊:
影响因子:
21.8
通讯作者:
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中科院分区:
化学1区
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互补序列的特异性杂交是核酸的基本特性,能够实现多种生物学和生物技术反应和功能。然而,除了接近解链温度外,长链的核酸杂交的特异性会受到影响。在这里,我们通过分析推导了杂交探针的热力学特性,该探针能够实现近乎最佳的单碱基区分,并在不同的温度、盐和浓度条件下表现稳健。我们合理地设计了近似这些特性的“立足点交换”探针,并针对 5 个不同的 DNA 靶标和 55 个具有有力代表性的单碱基变化(替换、删除和插入)的假类似物对它们进行了全面测试。这些探针产生的区分因子在 3 到 100+ 之间(中位数为 26)。无需重新调谐,我们的探针在 10 °C 至 37 °C、从 1 mM Mg2+ 至 47 mM Mg2+ 以及核酸浓度从 1 nM 至 5 μM 的范围内都能稳定运行。 RNA 实验也显示出有效的单碱基变化辨别能力。
The specific hybridization of complementary sequences is an essential property of nucleic acids, enabling diverse biological and biotechnological reactions and functions. However, the specificity of nucleic acid hybridization is compromised for long strands, except near the melting temperature. Here, we analytically derived the thermodynamic properties of a hybridization probe that would enable near-optimal single-base discrimination and perform robustly across diverse temperature, salt and concentration conditions. We rationally designed ‘toehold exchange’ probes that approximate these properties, and comprehensively tested them against five different DNA targets and 55 spurious analogues with energetically representative single-base changes (replacements, deletions and insertions). These probes produced discrimination factors between 3 and 100+ (median, 26). Without retuning, our probes function robustly from 10 °C to 37 °C, from 1 mM Mg2+ to 47 mM Mg2+, and with nucleic acid concentrations from 1 nM to 5 μM. Experiments with RNA also showed effective single-base change discrimination.
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