Studying motor cortex function using the rodent vibrissal system

Studying motor cortex function using the rodent vibrissal system
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使用啮齿动物振动系统研究运动皮层功能

DOI:
10.1007/s13295-014-0051-y
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
e-Neuroforum
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schwarz
Schwarz
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chakrabarti;Schwarz

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哺乳动物运动皮层的功能是神经科学研究的首要问题之一。但直到今天,运动皮层的主要工作原理仍然是抽象的。很明显,运动皮层保存着身体各部分的地形图。但这是否意味着运动皮层本身正在承担转换运动计划的挑战性任务(即,预期的轨迹和动作的效果)转化为适合驱动肌肉的低水平运动命令?几十年来对运动功能的研究揭示了专门网络的存在,即所谓的中央模式发生器(CPG)。许多(如果不是所有的话)CPG位于皮质下,并且可能参与将运动计划转化为实际肌肉收缩。不幸的是,CPG的详细电路和细胞元件只是模糊地知道。最近的工作已经阐明了运动皮层对运动的连续和不连续(离散)映射。对于理解运动皮层-CPG相互作用的探索来说,不连续性是很重要的,因为它们使我们能够解剖相邻的运动皮层部位如何连接到不同的CPG,用于不同的肌肉,但驱动相同的肌肉。啮齿类动物的触须电机系统是一个明确的模块化系统。相邻的皮质区域驱动着动物在不同环境下使用的非常不同的胡须运动。我们认为,模块化的胡须系统,其巨大的可访问性是有希望建立一个模型系统的运动皮层和CPGs的细胞和网络水平上的相互作用,因此,也将是高价值的理解更复杂和连续组织的运动皮层的手臂/手/手指系统在灵长类动物。
The function of the mammalian motor cortex was one of the first problems studied in neuroscience. But until today, the major principles of the workings of the motor cortex have remained conjectural. It is clear that motor cortex holds a topographic map of body parts. But does that mean that the motor cortex itself is undertaking the challenging task of converting motor plans (i.e., intended trajectories and effects of actions) into low level motor commands appropriate to drive the muscles? Work of many decades on motor function has revealed the existence of dedicated networks, the so-called central pattern generators (CPGs). Many, if not all of these CPGs, are located subcortically and are likely to be involved in the translation of motor plans into actual muscle contractions. Unfortunately the detailed circuitry and cellular elements of CPGs are only vaguely known. More recent work has elucidated continuous as well as discontinuous (discrete) mapping of the motor cortex to movement. For the quest of understanding motor cortex-CPG interactions, discontinuities are important because they allow us to dissect how neighboring motor cortex sites connect to different CPGs for different purposes-but driving the very same muscles. The rodent whisker motor system is a decidedly modular system. Neighboring cortical areas drive very distinct whisker movements used by the animals in different contexts. We argue that the modularity of the whisker system together with its great accessibility is promising to establish a model system for the interactions of the motor cortex and CPGs on the cellular and network levels and, thus, will also be of high value in understanding the more complex and continuously organized motor cortex of the arm/hand/finger system in primates.
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq159
发表时间: 2011-04-01
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影响因子: 3.7
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DOI: --
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期刊: The Journal of comparative neurology
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