Healthy herds or predator spreaders? Insights from the plankton into how predators suppress and spread disease

Healthy herds or predator spreaders? Insights from the plankton into how predators suppress and spread disease
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健康的牛群还是掠食者传播者?

DOI:
10.1017/9781316479964.016
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Wildlife Disease Ecology: Linking theory to data and application
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hall, S.R.
Hall, S.R.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Duffy, M.A.;Cáceres, C.E.;Hall, S.R.

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捕食者可能强烈地影响野生动物种群中的疾病(Packer等人,2003; Ostfeld & Holt,2004)。通常,大多数理论设想捕食者抑制疾病,特别是在捕食者选择性地捕食受感染宿主的情况下(Packer等人,2003; Hall等人,2005年)。这导致了一个突出的想法,即捕食者“保持牛群健康”-一个如此突出的想法,它已经成为卡通和糖果包装纸的方式。然而,根据经验,我们知道捕食并不总是与疾病减少有关。事实上,有时候我们看到的恰恰是相反的模式:捕食和疾病之间存在强烈的正相关关系。我们的工作重点关注的宿主-寄生虫系统中最引人注目的模式之一是,湖泊中有更多无脊椎动物捕食者的宿主种群更有可能爆发有毒真菌(图16.1)(卡塞雷斯等人,2009; Strauss等人,2016年)。因此,一个关键的问题是,是什么决定了捕食者是促进还是预防疾病?单一宿主的寄生率在空间和时间上可能会有很大的差异;了解捕食者何时会被预测控制疾病,何时会被预测为燃料,可能有助于解释这种时空变化。寄生作用时空变化的一个充分研究的例子来自于红鸡和寄生线虫,细毛圆线虫(哈德逊,1986;哈德逊等人,1992)(另见本卷第10章)。1979年至1983年,每只鸟的蠕虫数量在1000(1982年)至9000(1983年)之间变化(哈德逊,1986)。放眼太空,一些庄园平均每只鸟有< 1000只蠕虫,而另一些庄园平均每只鸟有> 10,000只蠕虫(哈德逊等人,1992年)。正如下面将讨论的,这种变化中的一些可能是由捕食压力的变化来解释的。另一个实例由莱姆病提供,莱姆病是一种媒介传播的疾病,其已经成为人类的问题性感染;人类中的莱姆病病例在空间上和时间上变化很大(Li等人,
Predators may strongly shape disease in wildlife populations (Packer et al., 2003; Ostfeld & Holt, 2004). Typically, most theory envisions that predators suppress disease, especially in cases where predators prey selectively on infected hosts (Packer et al., 2003; Hall et al., 2005). This has led to the prominent idea that predators ‘keep the herds healthy'–an idea that is so prominent that it has made its way into cartoons and candy bar wrappers. However, empirically, we know that predation is not always associated with reduced disease. Indeed, sometimes we see exactly the opposite pattern: a strong positive relationship between predation and disease. One of the most striking patterns in the host-parasite system that our work focuses on is that host populations in lakes that have more invertebrate predators are more likely to have outbreaks of a virulent fungus (Figure 16.1)(Cáceres et al., 2009; Strauss et al., 2016). A key question that emerges, then, is what determines whether predators promote or prevent disease? Rates of parasitism in a single host can vary substantially across space and over time; understanding when predators would be predicted to control disease and when they would be predicted to fuel it might help explain this spatiotemporal variation. One well-studied example of spatiotemporal variation in parasitism comes from red grouse and the parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus tenuis (Hudson, 1986; Hudson et al., 1992)(see also Chapter 10, this volume). Between 1979 and 1983, the number of worms per bird varied between 1000 (in 1982) and 9000 (in 1983)(Hudson, 1986). Looking across space, some estates had< 1000 worms per bird on average, while others had an average of> 10,000 worms per bird (Hudson et al., 1992). As will be discussed more below, some of this variation is likely explained by variation in predation pressure. Another example is provided by Lyme disease, which is a vector-borne disease that has emerged as a problematic infection of humans; Lyme cases in humans vary greatly spatially as well as temporally (Li et al.,
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12089
发表时间: 2013-05-01
期刊: ECOLOGY LETTERS
影响因子: 8.8
作者:
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发表时间: 2013-11-01
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DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010000995
发表时间: 2011-01-01
期刊: PARASITOLOGY
影响因子: 2.4
作者:
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通讯作者: De Meester, Luc
DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1286
发表时间: 2016-04-01
期刊: ECOSPHERE
影响因子: 2.7
作者:
Bidegain, Gorka;Powell, Eric N.;Hofmann, Eileen E.
通讯作者: Hofmann, Eileen E.
栖息地结构和疾病的生态驱动因素
DOI: --
发表时间: 2014
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
R. M. Penczykowski;S. Hall;D. Civitello;M. Duffy
通讯作者: M. Duffy