Healthy herds or predator spreaders? Insights from the plankton into how predators suppress and spread disease
Healthy herds or predator spreaders? Insights from the plankton into how predators suppress and spread disease
复制标题
健康的牛群还是掠食者传播者?
DOI:
10.1017/9781316479964.016
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hall, S.R.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Duffy, M.A.;Cáceres, C.E.;Hall, S.R.
Predators may strongly shape disease in wildlife populations (Packer et al., 2003; Ostfeld & Holt, 2004). Typically, most theory envisions that predators suppress disease, especially in cases where predators prey selectively on infected hosts (Packer et al., 2003; Hall et al., 2005). This has led to the prominent idea that predators ‘keep the herds healthy'–an idea that is so prominent that it has made its way into cartoons and candy bar wrappers. However, empirically, we know that predation is not always associated with reduced disease. Indeed, sometimes we see exactly the opposite pattern: a strong positive relationship between predation and disease. One of the most striking patterns in the host-parasite system that our work focuses on is that host populations in lakes that have more invertebrate predators are more likely to have outbreaks of a virulent fungus (Figure 16.1)(Cáceres et al., 2009; Strauss et al., 2016). A key question that emerges, then, is what determines whether predators promote or prevent disease? Rates of parasitism in a single host can vary substantially across space and over time; understanding when predators would be predicted to control disease and when they would be predicted to fuel it might help explain this spatiotemporal variation. One well-studied example of spatiotemporal variation in parasitism comes from red grouse and the parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus tenuis (Hudson, 1986; Hudson et al., 1992)(see also Chapter 10, this volume). Between 1979 and 1983, the number of worms per bird varied between 1000 (in 1982) and 9000 (in 1983)(Hudson, 1986). Looking across space, some estates had< 1000 worms per bird on average, while others had an average of> 10,000 worms per bird (Hudson et al., 1992). As will be discussed more below, some of this variation is likely explained by variation in predation pressure. Another example is provided by Lyme disease, which is a vector-borne disease that has emerged as a problematic infection of humans; Lyme cases in humans vary greatly spatially as well as temporally (Li et al.,
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影响因子:
8.8
作者:
Civitello, David J.;Pearsall, Susan;Hall, Spencer R.
通讯作者:
Hall, Spencer R.
影响因子:
2.7
作者:
Bertram, Christopher R.;Pinkowski, Mark;Caceres, Carla E.
通讯作者:
Caceres, Carla E.
影响因子:
2.4
作者:
Coors, Anja;De Meester, Luc
通讯作者:
De Meester, Luc
影响因子:
2.7
作者:
Bidegain, Gorka;Powell, Eric N.;Hofmann, Eileen E.
通讯作者:
Hofmann, Eileen E.
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
R. M. Penczykowski;S. Hall;D. Civitello;M. Duffy
通讯作者:
M. Duffy