Effect of synaptic transmission on viral fitness in HIV infection.

Effect of synaptic transmission on viral fitness in HIV infection.
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突触传播对HIV感染中病毒适应性的影响。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0048361
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Wodarz D
Wodarz D
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Komarova NL;Levy DN;Wodarz D

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HIV可以通过无细胞传播或细胞间传播(可能是通过病毒学突触)在其靶细胞群中传播。突触传递需要每个突触转移数十到数百个病毒,其中一小部分成功整合到靶细胞基因组中。目前尚不清楚突触传递如何影响病毒适应性。使用一个数学模型,我们研究了不同的突触传递策略,定义的病毒通过每个突触的数量,影响病毒的基本繁殖率,R0,和病毒负载。在最基本的情况下,该模型表明,如果每个突触转移单个病毒颗粒,则R0最大化。R0下降,感染最终不能维持大量的转移病毒,因为同一细胞的多次感染会浪费病毒,否则这些病毒可能进入未感染的细胞。为了解释每个突触转移的HIV拷贝数量相对较大,我们考虑了额外的生物学假设,在该假设下,每个突触转移的病毒数量为中等,可以使R0最大化。这些包括多重感染细胞中爆发大小的增加、细胞感染时抗病毒因子的饱和以及突触形成过程中的速率限制步骤。
HIV can spread through its target cell population either via cell-free transmission, or by cell-to-cell transmission, presumably through virological synapses. Synaptic transmission entails the transfer of tens to hundreds of viruses per synapse, a fraction of which successfully integrate into the target cell genome. It is currently not understood how synaptic transmission affects viral fitness. Using a mathematical model, we investigate how different synaptic transmission strategies, defined by the number of viruses passed per synapse, influence the basic reproductive ratio of the virus, R0, and virus load. In the most basic scenario, the model suggests that R0 is maximized if a single virus particle is transferred per synapse. R0 decreases and the infection eventually cannot be maintained for larger numbers of transferred viruses, because multiple infection of the same cell wastes viruses that could otherwise enter uninfected cells. To explain the relatively large number of HIV copies transferred per synapse, we consider additional biological assumptions under which an intermediate number of viruses transferred per synapse could maximize R0. These include an increased burst size in multiply infected cells, the saturation of anti-viral factors upon infection of cells, and rate limiting steps during the process of synapse formation.
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